Genetics of Organisms Essay Example for Free

Genetics of Organisms Essay Link for flylab: You will be using a sample subscription, so once you sign up you will only have access for 24 hours. It is important to do all the pre-work before logging in to get your experimental numbers. Click on the fly lab button. After reading through the lab and understanding what you will be doing, click on start lab. Introduction FlyLab will allow you to play the role of a research geneticist. You will use FlyLab to study important introductory principles of genetics by developing hypotheses and designing and conducting matings between fruit flies with different mutations that you have selected. Once you have examined the results of a simulated cross, you can perform a statistical test of your data by chi-square analysis and apply these statistics to accept or reject your hypothesis for the predicted phenotypic ratio of offspring for each cross. With FlyLab, it is possible to study multiple generations of offspring, and perform testcrosses and backcrosses. FlyLab is a very versatile program; it can be used to learn elementary genetic principles such as dominance, recessiveness, and Mendelian ratios, or more complex concepts such as sex-linkage, epistasis, recombination, and genetic mapping. Objectives The purpose of this laboratory is to: Simulate basic principles of genetic inheritance based on Mendelian genetics by designing and performing crosses between fruit flies. Help you understand the relationship between an organisms genotype and its phenotype. ï‚ · Demonstrate the importance of statistical analysis to accept or reject a hypothesis. Use genetic crosses and recombination data to identify the location of genes on a chromosome by genetic mapping. Before You Begin: Prerequisites Before beginning FlyLab you should be familiar with the following concepts: Chromosome structure and the stages of gamete formation by meiosis. Basic terminology and principles of Mendelian genetics, including complete and incomplete dominance, epistasis, lethal mutations, recombination, autosomal recessive inheritance, autosomal dominant inheritance, and sex-linked inheritance. Predicting the results of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses by constructing a Punnett square. How genetic mutations produce changes in phenotype, and beneficial and detrimental results of mutations in a population. Assignments To begin an experiment, you must first design the phenotypes for the flies that will be mated. In addition to wild-type flies, 29 different mutations of the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, are included in FlyLab. The 29 mutations are actual known mutations in Drosophila. These mutations create phenotypic changes in bristle shape, body color, antennae shape, eye color, eye shape, wing size, wing shape, wing vein structure, and wing angle. For the purposes of the simulation, genetic inheritance in FlyLab follows Mendelian principles of complete dominance. Examples of incomplete dominance are not demonstrated with this simulation. A table of the mutant phenotypes available in FlyLab can be viewed by clicking on the Genetic Abbreviations tab which appears at the top of the FlyLab homepage. When you select a particular phenotype, you are not provided with any information about the dominance or recessiveness of each mutation. FlyLab will select a fly that is homozygous for the particular mutation that you choose, unless a mutation is lethal in the homozygous condition in which case the fly chosen will be heterozygous. Two of your challenges will be to determine the zygosity of each fly in your cross and to determine the effects of each allele by analyzing the offspring from your crosses.

may 4th movement Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

Born on May Fourth: The New Culture Movement and its Influence on Early Communist Rhetoric "As long as there shall be stones, he seeds of fire will not die." Lu Xun, December 1935 On May Fourth 1919 over three thousand Beijing intellectuals met in Tiananmen Square to protest the results of the Paris Peace Treaty. The protesters disagreed with the Beijing government's decision to accept the lot given China in the post-war world. Over the next month students and workers from across China marched, held strikes, and boycott Japanese and western products, eventually causing the Chinese government to capitulate to their demands and make a stand on the world stage. This was the first mass protest in 20th century Chinese history and would serve as an example and inspiration for the next century of communist politics. By 1914, when the First World War began, the Chinese government was still extremely unstable. Only three years earlier, in 1911, Sun Yat-Sen and his Nationalist Party had toppled the Qing Dynasty and formed a new government. At the outbreak of World War One the government had dissolved into various warlord factions and was, in general, only operating in the larger cities and urban areas. By the time the war broke out various countries had taken advantage of China's weak government. In 1915, when Japan invaded Shandong, the German occupied area of China, they handed the Chinese government a list of twenty-one demands. Among these demands was the stationing of Japanese troops within China and the placement of Japanese officials in the Chinese government. These measures would have in effect made China a Japanese colony. When China joined the First World War in 1917 its main goal was to regain Shandong and have the Twenty-One Demands repealed. Yet despite China's donation of over ni ne hundred workers to the fronts of France, Africa, and Turkey, by the end of the war in 1918, China was given only a tertiary seat at the Versailles peace conference. During the peace talks at Versailles, China's demands were all but ignored. When the telegraph arrived bringing the news that the Paris Peace Treaty hadn't taken into account either of China's concerns, the people were und... ...rically necessary ... yet incomplete" and had a "lack of determination to merge with the masses." Mao took many approaches of the movement, the vernacularism, the antifeudalism and anticolonialism, and he gave them his own spin. Truly in this sense, the Chinese Communist Party is a child of the May Fourth and New Culture movements. Works Cited Barmà © Geremie. Seeds of Fire: Chinese Voices of Conscience. New York: Hill and Wang. 1988. Chang, Sylvia. "Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: Towards a 'Free' Literature" China Journal. Issues 19/20. Murphey, Rhodes. A History of Asia. New York: Longman. 2001. Schwarcz, Vera. The Chinese Enlightenment: Intellectuals and the Legacy of the May Fourth Movement of 1919. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1986 Siu, F, Helen. Mao's Harvest: Voices from China's new Generation. New York: Oxford University Press. 1983. Tse-Tsung, Chow. The May 4th Movement: Intellectual Revolution in Modern China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1992.

Margaret Thatcher: Creating a Neoliberal Culture Essay

Margaret Thatcher had a resounding career as a Prime Minister in Britain. She was loved and hated for her strong handed nature to politics. She drove down unemployment and brought Britain out of a recession through utilizing neoliberal policies. Thatcher increased the power of the private sector with a reduction of government regulation and privatization of public facilities. She took charge at creating a culture that was focused on the individual. Lastly she battled any unions, which sought to challenge the neoliberal values she was fostering. In order to claim Margaret Thatcher as a neoliberal, a solid definition of neoliberalism is needed. The ideology of neoliberalism is grounded in individual freedom. In order to achieve this, neoliberals ask for a system of government that is minimal. There should be almost no regulations that aim at restricting an individual’s freedom (Hall 2011 11). This allows people to act as free agents in accordance to their personal aspirations. To supplement this goal there is a desire for open, competitive and unregulated markets. State-led social engineering must never prevail over corporate and private interests.(Hall 2011 10-11) Capitalism as a market system provides freedom from state intervention and social collectivities. Stuart Hall states how Neoliberals see this â€Å"as the optimal mechanism to social-economic development,† (Hall 2011 11). They want to provide equality of opportunity and understand that this has a propensity to create inequality. This inequality is seen as a necessary evil in the creation of freedom, and ask that government not make any attempts to ameliorate the gap between people. The government’s role comes to the provision of securing the freedom of the people it sees over (Hall 2011 11). It does this through various things such as state guided military, police force, and law that protects private contracts. These state facilities protect the individuals and allow them to operate within the state. Neoliberalism is an ideology that acts to create individuals free to make choice and to succeed or fail by them. One of the main facets of neoliberalism is the reduction of government to  minimal levels. When Margaret Thatcher took office in 1979 she was determined to separate herself from the more socialist values of past leaders. Thatcher immediately sought to reduce power of the government in the private sector through flotation of government owned facilities. There where a series of small sell offs and then in 1984 the privatization of British Telecom proved hugely successful at reducing public debt. Then in 1987 opened the floodgates with the privatization of British Airways, Rolls-Royce, British Airports Authority, and later British steel (Hall 2011room and Sylvia 2011). After this Thatcher also was able to privatize British oil companies. She even privatized utilities such as water and electricity (Moore 2011). Besides the privatization of organizations, she also removed regulations on private corporations. The fair wages resolution created a wage floor that restricted the ability of corporations to pay competitive wages (Robertson 1986 288). In 1983 the government removed this resolution, opening a large gap in this wage floor (Robertson 1986 288). The Employment Act of 1975 gave workers the ability to submit low wage claims for government arbitration. Thatcher removed this with her updated Employment Act of 1980 (Robertson 1986 286). She was even willing to work around the law to increase the power of corporations When unable to make reparations to council law on minimum wages, she introduced the Young Workers Scheme (Robertson 1986 287). This grated subsidies to employers who paid less then legal minimum wage to workers 18 and younger (Robertson 1986 287). After the YWS was phased out she continued to avoid law with the New Workers Scheme (Robertson 1986 287). She provided government subsidies of  £20 to workers between the ages of eighteen and twenty who were paid less than  £80 per-week (Robertson 1986 287). This allows corporations to set prices lower than legal and incentives workers to take those positions. Along with increasing the strength of the private sector, Margaret Thatcher wanted to change British culture to be more in line with neoliberalism. She did this by promoting individual values and the reduction of state dependency. In Thatcher’s own words, â€Å"There is no such thing as society. There is only the individual and his family,† (Hall 2011 11). One of the first things she did was instate the Enterprise Allowance Scheme (Robertson 1986 288). This replaced employment benefits by giving  £40 a week to 65,000  people and then a  £1000 if they start their own business. This promotes individuals to create their own solutions in an economic environment that was riddled with unemployment. She then went on to make unemployment even less appealing by cutting benefits offered to real values not seen since 1951 (Robertson 1986 288). Thatcher had even raised the idea of refusing supplemental benefits to youth who didn’t register for jobs or job training, but had to back off when faced with accusation that this would be tantamount to conscription (Robertson 1986 289). These reforms had the effect of raising self-employed citizens to ten percent, declared by Britain’s Department of Employment (Jenkins 2007 164). Britain’s rank in economic freedom and entrepreneurial welcome has risen from 15th in 1989 to 1st in 1990 (Jenkins 2007 164). The above references show that Thatcher was trying to, and in many ways succeeded in creating a culture of individualism and self responsibility in Britain A source of resistance to the culture she had created was worker unions. Margaret Thatcher goes on to dismantle union power and stands cold faced and firm against any resistance they show. There are several key years in Thatcher’s battle against unions. In 1980, 1982, and 1984 there were a series of acts that undermined union economic and political power (Robertson 1986 286). The Employment Acts in 1980 and 1982 served to strip legal rights from unions such as secondary picketing and sympathy strikes. In 1982 there was an act that relaxed rules to unfair dismissal. What it did was to exempt small businesses from rules that enabled workers to file unfair dismissal claims if they had less than two years of service (Robertson 1986 286). She even went to try and extend this exemption to all business in 1985 (Robertson 1986 286). In response some unions organized strikes to confront Thatcher’s crackdown. The most well known attempt was the miners’ union organizing a strike that lasted for over a year (Moore 2011). Throughout this Thatcher did not relent any of her conditions or regulations. In the end the union gave in and the strike broke (Moore 2011). Throughout her time in office the yearly money lost to days of strike fell from 29.5 million to 1.9 million (Moore 2011). Margaret Thatcher drove union membership down sixteen percent between I979 and I984 (Robertson 1986 287), showing that she was further driving Britain into  Neoliberal ideals Some people have suggested that Margaret Thatcher’s assault on government and claimed her to be as far right as libertarian. The previously stated quote â€Å"there is no such thing as society. There is only the individual and his (sic) family,† (Hall 2011 11) is a radically right saying people could point towards. Also her privatization of essential goods and services such as water points towards a far right standpoint. The difference between neoliberal and libertarian mainly comes down to degree. This means that both are right aligned, holding a focus on freeing of people and reducing government. It should be held that Margaret Thatcher is not as far right as libertarian. Though she took Britain along with her in a huge sweet politically in that direction, she held some key businesses as private for the benefit of Britain’s economic well being. She also did not really undermine the post-war welfare consensus. She retained such public sector giants as the NHS, British Rail, the Post Office (Jenkins 2007 162). These could have been privatized, but it was held that doing this could hurt Britain economically. A libertarian would have to cut these as they are not seen as being responsible to the state. She also kept the structure of social welfare and benefits (Jenkins 2007 162). Though she did restrict funding and brought it down in degree, a libertarian would have eliminated such state run benefits For these reasons Thatcher is politically right, but not to the degree of libertarianism. Margaret Thatcher’s career as a Prime Minister in Britain was controversial at best. She took to neoliberal values to drive down unemployment and foster economic profit in Britain Thatcher stripped the public sector of many of its organizations and then cutting government regulations to increase the power of the private sector. She sought to create a culture in Britain around the individual and their responsibility to their own success. She also broke down unions as they stood to fight against the neoliberal culture she had created. This is why Margaret Thatcher is a neoliberal. References Robertson, David. 1986. â€Å"Mrs. Thatcher’s Employment Prescription: An Active Neo-Liberal Labor Market Policy† Journal of Public Policy. 6: 275-296. Groom, Brian. And Pfeifer, Sylvia. 2011. â€Å"Privatisation defined Thatcher era.† http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca/docview/909517457 (November 21, 2012). Hall, Stuart. 2011. â€Å"The neoliberal revolution: Thatcher, Blair, Cameron – the long march of neoliberalism continues.†Soundings. 48: 9-27. Moore, Charles. 2011. â€Å"The Invincible Mrs. Thatcher.† http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA276179927&v=2.1&u=ucalgary&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w (November 21, 2012). Jenkins, Simon. 2007. â€Å"Thatcher’s Legacy.† Political Studies Review. 5: 161-171.

The Right to Bear Arms - 1866 Words

Introduction In this essay highlighting the second amendment, I will focus mostly on the right to bear arms. The Second Amendment states, â€Å" A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† I think that the founders put this in the constitution to keep the sense of freedom they had in England concerning arms, and other than a small force of paid officers, the United States had no professional, trained army. Instead it relied almost exclusively on civilian militias for self-defense, focusing primarily on men aged 18-50. In the event of attack by a foreign country, there would be no trained military force to hold back the British or the French. This changed when John Adams became president. When John ADams became president, he made a proffessional navy to protect vessels and trade ships from pirates. Today, there is no military draft at all. The U.S. Army is made up of a mix of full-time and part-time professional soldiers. This is important in maintaining the US armed forces and the morale of the troops. Finally, this paper will focus on the current controversies of the second amendment, the past precedents, and the overall meaning of the amendment. Its important to realize how the meaning of the amendment has changed over the years, and how it affects your life and how you live it. Knowing all the amendments current meanings is vital to being a knowledgeable citizen.Show MoreRelatedThe Right And Bear Arms1009 Words   |  5 PagesThe Right to Bear Arms The Second Amendment written in The Constitution has been under great scrutiny lately. Extremists from both sides argue their points, however, how accurate are those points? For example, one can argue that it is a right that was given in The Constitution therefore, it cannot be taken away. However, was living back then a much different world than we live in now? Do we need guns to protect us in today’s society? The other extremist could argue that yes, it was a much differentRead MoreThe Right to Bear Arms1196 Words   |  5 PagesIn the United States the right to own a gun is enshrined by the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The text of the Second Amendment reads: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed† (Adams, 2004). The founding fathers borrowed this idea from Niccolo Machiavelli, the Italian thinker. He wrote about the weapons necessary for fre edom to defend themselves, to hunt, and to protect the stateRead MoreThe Right to Bear Arms790 Words   |  4 PagesOur founding father gave American citizens the right to bear arms, but was that the best idea or was it even the safest idea? Many Americans today own a gun and the majority use their gun in a safe manner. However, when the gun was first invented, it was intended to kill whether that be hunting, self-defense, or in battle. The gun is still to this day intended to kill and will always hold that purpose. Americans were given the right to bear arms in a time of need during the end of the revolutionaryRead MoreThe Right Of Bear Arms1950 Words   |  8 PagesGun Control The Right to Bear Arms was the second amendment put into place when creating the nation. It gives the people of our country the right to keep and own a gun. Today, just over two hundred years later, one of the biggest debates in society is on gun control and how the people should be handling their weapons. The gun control in the country is something that should be taken more seriously as lives and well beings are at stake. Former president Bill Clinton commented on gun control, sayingRead MoreThe Right Of Bear Arms1236 Words   |  5 Pages The right to bear arms is a heated subject today. People on both sides of the debate are adamant in their beliefs about whether or not we have the right to own, carry, and use firearms. Those who believe firmly in the Second Amendment cannot be swayed by even the most persuasive argument that there is too much gun violence in this country. In much the same way, gun control activists are dismissive and even condescending towards those who put the Constitution and personal freedom before statisticsRead MoreThe Right And Bear Arms1663 Words   |  7 PagesChristal Blege April 23, 2015 Professor Swint. The right to bear arms? Our second amendment right is something that I feel that most Americans would go to war over. I never grew up around guns, I have never held a gun, or discharged a gun. More importantly, I have never used a gun to protect me, my property or my family. This is why I fail to see the fascination people have with the right to own a gun, especially military grade firearms like assault rifles. â€Å"Assault rifles were designed toRead MoreThe Right Of Bear Arms1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe right to bear arms is assured in the constitution by the Second Amendment. Liberals are attempting to alter the constitution by any mean necessary. They are trying to prohibit handguns and/or limit sales. Studies have proven that gun control could not stop people from carrying out crimes. During the development of this country, the Founding Fathers were establishing a system of government during the final drafts of the Constitution, many dreaded that a standing army, commanded by a centralizedRe ad MoreThe Right to Bear Arms1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe Right to Bear Arms The American Constitution was a book of laws that gave a brief explanation of the American Dream. In the Constitution, there were ten laws that were considered the â€Å"Civil Rights,† and one of these laws laid commonly questioned and tested. The second Amendment of the Constitution: the right to bear arms was a very significant law in the American Constitution, since it has two sides of opinion. Many Americans consider that people should not have the right to bear armsRead MoreThe Right And Bear Arms Essay2583 Words   |  11 Pages There are and always will be people disagreeing over the controversial Second Amendment, the right to bear arms, however there are several reasons why the Second Amendment is beneficial to the community. The Second Amendment to certain people in the United States is seen as an amendment that represents their freedom. Some of the key reasons that the right to bear arms is beneficial to the community is that it allows for citizens to hunt and pro vide for their families, it allows for people to protectRead MoreThe Right to Bear Arms Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesThe Right to Bear Arms How many of us want the U.S. government to have the right to tell us what to do, and when w can do it. There are probably not many who would agree that the government should have that right. Though having gun control laws is not to that extreme, some would say it is the first step. Growing up in a small town, and also growing up with guns my whole life I was one of those people who did not want gun control laws. Then after reading two articles that discussed this topic

Morals vs. Instinct in The Lord of the Flies by William...

The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is an allegory that connects the boys’ behavior in the novel to the basic behavior of human nature. In the novel, the boys fear a wild beast that has the potential to kill them off. However, Simon, a quiet boy, finds that the beast is not an animal that everyone should fear, but is a part of each boy himself. As Simon wanders back to a beautiful meadow that he had traveled to before, he finds that it has changed. Instead of the peaceful meadow that Simon had discovered previously, the bloody head of a sow impaled by Jack and his follows taints the meadow. They had done this as an offering to the beast, hoping that the beast would be satisfied with the sow’s head and would give up hunting for the†¦show more content†¦See?†(Golding 144). Simon, in shock of what the Lord of the Flies says to him, â€Å"knew that one of his times was coming on†(Golding 143). His emotional distress triggers his body to lose all consciousness. The encounter with the Lord of the Flies supports Simon’s thoughts that the beast that the boys are hunting for is not an actual animal. The Lord of the Flies tries to persuade Simon to let go of his rational thoughts and be taken over by his primal instincts in order to have fun like the other boys. However, when Simon’s silence declares that he refuses to let go of logic and rationality, the Lord of the Flies realizes that Simon knows what the beast really is—the innermost part of the boys. Simon seems to make this connection that the Lord of the Flies is representational to the inner beast within the boys almost instantly. â€Å"His gaze was held by that ancient, inescapable recognition†(Golding 139). Simon instantly The Lord of the Flies quickly makes the connection, too. â€Å"You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you? Close, close, close! I’m the reason why it’s no go? Why things are what they are?† (Golding, 1 ). Th e Lord of the Flies is symbolic to all the evil that is in humans. As Simon realizes that he was right about the beast, he tries to go back to the other boys to warn them about his discovery, but the Lord of the Flies gets angry. â€Å"This is ridiculous. You know perfectly well you’ll only meet me down there—so don’t try toShow MoreRelatedLord of the Flies by William Golding932 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing two particular themes from a novel called Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954 after World War II. Ruler of the Flies is a purposeful anecdote about something that many readers can’t really describe. Individuals cant choose precisely what. Its either about the inalienable underhanded of man, or mental battle, or religion, or personal inclination, or the creators emotions on war; however William Golding was in the Navy throughout World War II, or perhapsRead MoreGood Versus Evil in Lord of the Flies by Willia m Golding Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesGood vs. Evil Many years ago, Charles Darwin introduced a theory that we humans are a species which evolved from animals that have inhabited the Earth for many years, and he believed that we were civilized, intelligent, and logical life forms for these very reasons. In the novel, Lord of the Flies by William Golding there is a prominent theme of good versus evil which reveals that maybe humans are not the civilized human beings that they were said to be. William Golding carefully netted this themeRead MoreTheme Of Lord Of The Flies And The Guide Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesMD. Moazzam Hossain ID NO. 133013040 ENG 302 The Novel-1 Submitted to: Ms Arifa Rahaman Date: 09.12.2015 Theme of ‘Lord of The Flies’ and ‘The Guide’ ‘Lord of the flies’(1954) and ‘The guide’(1958) are the two novels written by famous novelists William Golding and R.K. Narayan. ‘Lord of the Flies’ portrays the story of a group of British boys trapped on an abandoned island who try to administrate themselves with catastrophic results and On the other side, R.K. Narayan quite consciouslyRead MoreLord of the Flies3107 Words   |  13 PagesLord of the Flies William Golding In Between the Modern and the Postmodern Content: 1. Fragments chosen.............................................................................. 2. In Between the Modern and the Postmodern - essey........................ 3. Questions.............................................................................................. 4. Bibliography........................................................................................ [Read MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1444 Words   |  6 PagesInterviewer Let’s talk about William Golding and his most famous book, Lord of the Flies, in which a group of British schoolboys - aged from around 6-12 - become stranded on an island, and quickly begin their descent into chaos. Today, I am joined by literarian and William Golding expert, Lara Caglar. Expert Hi, Vanessa, it’s a pleasure to be here Interviewer Together, we will be discussing the question on everyone’s minds, what happened to Golding that led him to have such an incredibly negativeRead MoreLord Of The Flies Literary Analysis1191 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Lord of the Flies† written by William Golding and published in 1954 is an allegory and social commentary that takes place on a deserted tropical island. An island that becomes populated when a plane crashes and leaves British schoolboys stranded. The group of boys attempt to recreate the civilization they came from, by choosing a leader: Ralph but, Jack wants to lead also, which causes the boys to little by little leave civility and form into savages. The microcosm Golding creates exploresRead MoreComparing The Novel Lord Of The Flies And Heart Of Darkness2292 Words   |  10 PagesTopic: Comparing behavior of two main characters from two different books Introduction There are both similarities and differences between the protagonists of the Novels Lord of the Flies† (Golding) and â€Å"Heart of Darkness† (Conrad). In each case we have the supposedly civilized individual(s) degenerating into savagery. As well, other characters are involved and highly influenced by the protagonist(s). This report discusses these two books and what can be observed from comparing works of essentiallyRead MoreLord Of Flies By William Golding1508 Words   |  7 Pages In the ‘Lord of flies’ by William Golding, the theme of civilization vs. Savagery is explored. When a bunch of children are stranded on an island, the conflict between savagery and the rules of civilization begins to split the boys into two groups. Throughout the novel, the conflict is exaggerated by the two main characters, Ralph and Jack. While Ralph uses his abilities to control the kids and be civilized on the island. Jack lets his impulses get to him and creates a gro up of which act like savagesRead Morelord of the flies notebook check4355 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿Lord of the Flies Notebook Check 1. â€Å"Why Boys Become Vicious† Author Study 2. Vocabulary 3. Characterization 4. Plot/Conflict 5. Symbolism 6. Allegory 7. Chapters 1, 2, and 3 Questions 8. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 Questions 9. Chapters 7, 8, and 9 Questions 10. Chapters 10, 11, and 12 Questions Notebook Check #1: â€Å"Why Boys Become Vicious† Author Study â€Å"Why Boys Become Vicious† (1989) William Golding Written in response to the murder of a two-year-old boy by two twelve-year-old boys. AnswerRead MoreComparing The Novels Lord Of The Flies And Heart Of Darkness4107 Words   |  17 PagesThere are both similarities and differences between the protagonists of the Novels Lord of the Flies† (Golding) and â€Å"Heart of Darkness† (Conrad). In each case we have the supposedly civilized individual(s) degenerating into savagery. As well, other characters are involved and highly influenced by the protagonist(s). This report discusses these two books and what can be observed from comparing works of essentially different world perspectives – one was published in 1902 and the other in 1954

Women and Sports Essay - 2771 Words

In today’s society women are not allowed to play baseball with men due to patriarchal myths and misconceptions that have been around since the emergence of baseball in America. All women should be able to play baseball with men and there is no legitimate reason why they shouldnt. Women are physically, mentally, and emotionally capable of playing baseball just as men are. With that being said their biological sex or gender should not and does not affect their ability to play baseball in the company of men. In addition their sex should not deem their athletic ability as inferior in comparison to men. Since the adoption of baseball as an American pastime, the sport of baseball has been cultivated and altered to amputate women exuding the†¦show more content†¦In addition they often entice the belief that women are more susceptible to injury than men. This is not a valid reason to exclude women and there is an abidance of research that refutes this claim. In addition to ex cluding women based on their sex, the sport of baseball is connected to racial segregation. It was believed that baseball was a white mans sport and only men who were white possessed the ability to play the sport. This ideology has filtered into present society, resulting in a few number of African Americans or people of color who participate in the sport. With that being said race is absolutely a factor in whether or not women can play baseball with men. Women who are not white are seen as inferior and they are not expected to be successful in playing baseball. There are great deal of stereotypes that surround race and a persons athletic ability. These stereotypes have been around since the Americanization of baseball and traces of them are still evident today. Physical size and strength, the possibility of injuries, and the color of ones skin have been used as strong reasons to prohibit women and girls from entering the world of baseball, all of these claims are absurd and false, these issues should not just be associated women due to their biological sex. Women regardless of race are just as capable as men to participate in the sport of baseball. We can alleviate and erase these myths surrounding the inferiority ofShow MoreRelatedWomen and Sports1522 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Thesis There is a definite correlation between the economics of professional women ¡Ã‚ ¦s sports and their ultimate success. As most success in sport leagues, teams and associations are measured by longevity, win/loss records, and most importantly, revenue, the footprint of female competition at the professional level has not been paramount at any point in our history. Professional women ¡Ã‚ ¦s athletics is characterized by an economic model and a level of acceptance amongst the massesRead More Women in Sports and Sports Broadcasting Essay584 Words   |  3 PagesWomen in Sports and Sports Broadcasting Before I conducted this media analysis about women in sports and sport broadcasting, I hypothesized the obvious - that more male sports would be in the media, and that there would be more male sports broadcasters as well. Through my observations I did find that the sports arena and sports broadcasting sphere are male dominated. However, I also found that although there are not many stories about women, there has been a steady progression and magazinesRead MoreWomen and Sport Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesWomen and Sport Turn on your TV screen and there’s a high probability that a sports game will be on at one channel. Unless it’s a special sports channel such as ‘sky sports’ etc. you will easily realise it is men playing the relevant sport. 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Impact of Loyalty Programs on Consumer Purchase Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Loyalty Programs on Consumer Purchase Behavior . Answer: Introduction Service quality and relationship marketing are two important aspects of the current business environment. Service quality entails quality of ideas, action or experience that is offered to customer with exchange for value. Relationship marketing on the other hand is refers to marketing strategy that involves customers participation in marketing of a product or service. There are many literatures that give more information about service quality and related activities that make service delivery to be satisfactory though service is traditionally believed to be intangible. Service can be categorized into tangible, pure service and hybrid of tangible and pure service. Relationship marketing on the other side entails some elements such as social marketing, societal marketing and experiential marketing. Service quality and relationship marketing are interconnected with interactions, networks and service process. The following paper review literature on service quality, relationship marketing and the connection between the two. Goods-Based (2013, pp. 324-35) explains that service refers to an idea, experience, task or activity that can be exchanged for value with the view to satisfy the needs and wants of consumers and businesses. This does not contradict similar definition given by Karmakar (2004, pp 100107) that state service as intangible products that are offered to consumers at a certain value. Achrol and Kotler (2006, pp. 320333) contradict this definition by explaining that service refers to the production of intangible benefit or part of tangible product. Some of the mentioned nature of service includes variability, intangibility and perishability. First and foremost, Grnroos (2006, pp. 354364), indicates that service can be difficult to identify owing to its intangibility and associated to goods. This implies that service lacks the physical evidences depending on the type of service offered. Heiner et al, (2011, pp1), contradict the intangibility of the service by stating that service can also be tangible when place, people, equipment, communication material, symbols, price are attached to service. Moreover, the above elements of service gives physical evidence to service that brings the tangibility of service. Yuping (2007, pp 1935) concludes that service sometimes though has physical evidence; service becomes indistinguishable to tangible good as seen after sale service such as installation. Perishability nature of services according to Miles (2012, pp 285298), is the ability of service to waste due to low demand, time wasted and unaccepted price of service. The perishability nature of service may result from availability of complementary services, low demand, and differential prices. When there are complementary services that customers can resort to during peak seasons. Moreover, low demand for a products make the product to lack customers that can purchase leading to wastage of service. Finally as Gummesson (2006, pp. 339-353), concludes service can have different prices that make its demand to reduce leading to wastage. Variability nature of service as per Gummesson (2007, pp. 113-141) refers to the ability of service to change from one form to another depending on service provider. Services differ depending on the product it is tied to and the service provider. Martinez and Martinez (2007, pp 60-72) states that service variability can be controlled by good hiring and training procedures, service blueprint and monitoring customer satisfaction. Hiring of trained service providers under uniform training can makes service uniform. Development the procedure of offering services can make services be uniform regardless of different service providers. Finally, when a business monitors and reviews customer satisfaction, the customer feedback gives the satisfaction from different services. Variability nature of service makes service categorized in tangible goods service, hybrid of service and tangible and pure service. Kotler et al, (2012) explains that tangible goods service refers to the type of service that also involves tangible good. For instance, a consumer can buy good with after-sale services. When a customer purchase tangible goods the retailer can gives services such as installation and customer care service. In addition, tangible goods and their service element are difficult to separate. As Heiner et al, (2011, pp1) explains tangible good normally require service that sometimes is readily offered by the seller of the product. This does not contradict similar explanation given by Vargo and Lusch (2004a, pp 324335) on tangible product service that also show the connection between good and services tied to it Pure service on the other hand refers to services that are intangible and always are offered to businesses, customer and governments. Pure services as per the definition of Strauss, Ansary and Frost (2003), can be benefit that is accorded some value that is purely intangible. Similarly, Grahame and Mark (2002, pp 8694) explains can be action, system that satisfies needs such as transport, consultation, communication or technological assistance offered to business, government or individual customer. Some businesses are purely service industry since they offers customer services such as financial, accounting and technological services. Firstly, financial services can be in terms of consultation that is offered by economic experts on risk management or project management. Secondly, accounting services according to Vargo and Lusch (2004b, pp. 339-353), include banking services, payment for goods and monetary assistances. Finally, technological services are services such as communication, advertisement and technological information system. Hybrid of goods and services is type of services that include giving product with intangible service attached to the product. The current market the hybrid service is the most common service since most of customers prefer that after purchasing products some other services are also offered as element of product. According to Palmer (2011), some physical evidence may also contribute to the tangibility of the service for example buying table with maintenance service attached to it facilitate the hybrid nature of some service. Service quality on the one hand refers to the comparison between expectations of a service and the performance. Service quality according to Grnroos (2006, pp. 354364), has elements such as improved operation processes, performance measures, problem identification, customers satisfaction measures. Firstly, improving operation process within the business help the business to understand customers needs and adjust operation process according to customer expectation. Secondly, the quality of service offered to customers requires problem identification that affects customers which will otherwise lower the performance of a firm. Thirdly, as Martinez and Martinez (2007, pp 60-72) put it, service quality develops performance measure that ensures that the business performs exceeding the customers expectation. Finally, service quality entails analyzing and measuring customers satisfaction to establish the degree of satisfaction. Determinants of service quality There are some factors that determine the quality of services offered by service production firm. According to Yuping (2007, pp 1935) some of these determinants of service quality include competence, accessibility, credibility, tangibility, security, communication, customer knowledge and reliability. Skills, knowledge and training makes the service providers to be qualify to offer the quality service that is required by customers. Accessibility of the services increase the quality of service since customers can contact the service provider through physical evidence such as office. Credibility as per Brady, Cronin and Brand (2002, pp 17-31) is the worthiness of business that is connected to honesty and good reputation of a company. Tangibility on the other hand provides the physical evidence of service such as office, equipments and the service provider. Security as determinant of service quality reduces risk associated with service such as doubt and financial security. For services t o be of quality three is need for good communication that is connected to customer knowledge. Gap model is a service quality model that is important for service quality process development. The model shows the gap that is required to deliver high quality service to customer as oppose to unsuccessful service delivery. The first gap exists between customer expectation and management perception on service delivery. This gap is due to difference in customers opinion and management view on type of service offered. The second gap exists between management perception and quality service. Sometimes service providers know what clients want but deliver lower standards service. GAP 3 exists between service quality and service delivery. For instance, doctors office has the required standards yet others staffs using the same office are not trained according to the standards required in that position. GAP 4 exists is between external communication and service delivery. Marketing team show the customer the kind of service they offer though the customer expectation according to advertisement is not met. GAP 5 exists between customers experience on service and the expected service creating misunderstanding on the service quality (Frost Kumar 2000, pp 358-377). Relationship marketing refers to marketing strategy that employs customers loyalty, interaction and engagement. According to Miles (2012, pp 285298), relationship marketing ensures there is strong connection between customer and the business through direct provision of services and long-term customer relationship. This implies that relationship marketing promote open customer communication that facilitate connection between customer and the business offering services. As cited by Michael (2007, pp 327334) the overall aim of relationship marketing is to acquire, retain and build relation with customers. The key objectives of relationship marketing include consumer personal value, social influences, consumer segments, and experiential marketing Personal value with respect to product is the beliefs about on product against another product and influences personal purchasing power. Customer personal value is connected to individuals value and influence regarding to purchase behavior and product evaluation. In relationship marketing business establish relationship with customer putting into consideration personal value. Moreover, Goods-Based (2013, pp. 324-35) shows that personal value of customer is important for business since it determines the ability of customer to purchase a product. Social influence on the other hand is connected the social compliance and normative influence brought by peer or reference group. Individuals social group play an important in their ability to purchase certain product. Consumers segmentation comprises of interaction between customers need, behavior and characteristic. Customers needs are consumers demand and their ability to purchase certain product at a price. As cited by Booms and Bitner (1981), customers behaviors are physical, psychological and cultural responses towards a product or service. Customers characteristics are behavioral system of a particular customer that also include their preference and belief about a product. Some other relationship marketing elements includes experiential marketing, Employee empowerment and Social marketing. Experiential marketing refers to the marketing strategy that focuses customer engagements and encourages participation of customers. According to Gummesson (2006, pp. 339-353), experiential is also called engagement marketing. Elements of experiential include customers experience, consumption experience, customers characteristics and eclectic methods. Firstly, customers experience is the emotional and satisfaction experience that contributes largely contributes to customers product or service usage. Physical experience and cognitive experience play role in customers satisfaction on product. Secondly, consummation experience according to Achrol and Kotler (2006, pp. 320333) is critical for engagement of customers that makes firm credible in provision of service. Finally, customers characteristic such as beliefs and cultural behavior about a certain product influences customers participation. Employee empowerment Employees need to be empowered psychologically and motivational empowerment. Structural and relationship approach is important in empowerment to motivate employees in their marketing experience. Psychological empowerment involves self efficiency, self determination and meaning. Employee motivation is important for determine their relationship with customers. This is part of experiential marketing that makes employees to participate fully on marketing engagement. Finally, consumers are also part of empowerment through encouragement that influences their behavior in purchasing products (Schmitt 1999, pp 53-67). Social marketing includes all marketing activities with the aim achieving behavioral goal with social good. Social marketing is also associated with societal marketing, sustainable practices and business ethics. Firstly, relationship marketing is connected to societal marketing that allow customers participation on awareness of impact of certain product or service on society. Secondly, sustainable practices are actions of a firm that protect resources and environment from depletion. Thirdly, business ethics are behaviors that are according to acceptable code of conduct (Nelson 2007, pp 98106). Relationship marketing is influence by factors that determines its effectiveness in marketing of services or products. Some of the factors that influence relationship marketing include increase in technology, environmental pressure, growing retail power. As explained by Baron, Conway and Warnaby (2010) Increase or growth in technology has highly influence the marketing activities as customer can connect to business over the internet. Some of the current technological growth that affects marketing include: computerized ordering and inventory, internet, e-commerce. Firstly, with the current technology customers are able to order goods and services using computerized automated systems. Secondly, internet has offers marketing alternative such as email marketing and internet advertisement. Thirdly, e-commerce also known as online shopping is selling and buying of goods and services over the internet. Environmental pressure due to continuous use of resource available is influencing development and use of marketing strategies. Many businesses have come up with marketing strategies that are environmental sustainable in nature. As many firms come up the growth of market has resulted in increase environmental pressure. Sustainable environmental practices aim to manage environment to avoid available resources from being depleted. In conclusion, environmental pressure influences the type of marketing strategy that is used to market goods or services (Gummesson 2006, pp. 339-353). Wheel of loyalty model is relationship marketing model that is concerned with building of customer relationship. The wheel of loyalty model is founded on three key components; these are build a foundation for loyalty, create loyalty bonds and reduce churn drivers. Firstly, building a foundation for loyalty of customers entails selecting the right customers on the target market segment followed by service delivery beyond the customers satisfaction. Secondly, this is the component of wheel that shows the actual bond between the business and customers. The business may decide to give loyalty rewards to customers to build up bonds. Thirdly, drivers to losing customers and replace the lost customers to the business (Frederick 2001, pp 8485). Wheel of loyalty Service quality is connected to relationship marketing since there is interconnection of service marketing that entails marketing services rather than products. Service offered to customer is aided be some service marketing elements. Service businesses or companies have some marketing strategies that incorporate marketing of services offered by certain firm. According to Martinez and Martinez (2007, pp 60-72), services quality interacts to relationship marketing through interconnection of marketing service management and network and service process. Marketing service management composes of the interaction between marketing network and service process. Marketing service management concerns with the relationship between service delivery and networks. As explained by Gronroos (2007, pp 1) studying of networks and service provisions help in development of good marketing strategy for high quality service provision. Interactions involve customer or client and service provide through establishing of relationship with customers. Creating sustainable customer relationship enhances service delivery and performance of business or service quality. Networks on the other hand refer to service networks that are interlinked determining the quality of service offered to customer. Service process includes giving services to subjective customers depending on time, human resources and customers perception about the service or business (Baron, Conway Warnaby 2010). Service marketing is use of marketing strategies to market services offered as oppose to products. Service marketing incorporates social marketing as an element of relationship marketing in marketing of services. Services may include educational, financial and leisure that are marketed using relationship marketing strategies. According to Booms and Bitner (1981), every business has service offered to customers. Marketing of services has been enhanced by technology, need specialization, privatization of firms, competition, deregulation, quality of life changes and franchising growth. The above factors interconnected forming a system that enable service growth thus service quality. As Miles (2012, pp 285298) concludes, service marketing employs relationship marketing to establish good customer participation that result in service quality. Though there has been augments on intangibility of services, some firms interconnect service quality to service marketing through relationship marketing. Service marketing strategy therefore combines the marketing mix and added dimensions to improve on the quality of service (Achrol and Kotler 2006, pp. 320333). The traditional marketing mix is added dimensions that include service delivery and other Ps. The traditional marketing mix composed of place, price, product and promotion. The dynamic marketing in the current relationship marketing add another Ps to the traditional marketing mix to enhance service quality. These Ps are people, physical evidence, processes, political power and public opinion. Firstly, people are the key participants in the product marketing or service marketing that ensures there is customers participation in the marketing program. Secondly, physical evidence such as equipments, office and people are evidence that make service tangible and eliminate customer doubt or insecurity. Thirdly, service delivery processes is another part of marketing mix that ensures that there are system that is followed to deliver service to clients. Political power governs the current marketing environment and need to be considered before designing marketing mix. Finally, public opinion also forms part of the current marketing mix and gives the customer power to participate in mar keting when there is good reputation of the firm (Booms and Bitner 1981). Additional dimensions to marketing mix Marketing mix that functions currently has some added dimensions such as service delivery and maintenances. The marketing mix that incorporates relationship marketing and service quality is expanded to include other forms of services such as installation, delivery, maintenance, billing, customer education and customer complainants. These services are meant to increase the quality of products and service that is offered to customer (Schmitt 1999, pp 53-67). Marketing triangle is interactive model that connect service delivery to relationship marketing. Marketing triangle is analytical model that connects the three important components of marketing model such as external marketing, internal marketing and interactive marketing (Frederick 2001, pp 8485). At the top of the marketing triangle is the business organization that offers products and services, at the two bottom corners of triangle are employees on one corner and customers on the other corner. Firstly, internal marketing form the side of triangle that connect organization and employees. The interaction exists between company and employees are on training, customers satisfaction techniques and business goals. Secondly, external marketing forms the side between organization and customers. Components of external marketing are advertisement and social media interaction. Thirdly, interactive marketing is the bottom line that connects customers and employees. The interactive marketing r elates to employees service delivery to customers using relationship the marketing strategy (Miles 2012, pp 285298). Coca Cola Company is a very innovative company that has exploits relationship marketing. One of the most interesting bits with Coca Cola involves making service tangible as reflected on Coca Cola logo. Coca Cola Company launches a friendly twist marketing initiative where the marketing team traveled to Colombian college to conduct relationship marketing. During the Coca Cola relationship marketing each fresh college student receives a bottle of Coke. Opening of bottle cap need click with another bottle cap thus students had to collaborate to open bottle cap. Collaboration between students initiated conversation between strangers to remove loneliness. In the marketing strategy makes a cool environment that is associated Coca-Cola logo. The viewers therefore attach positive bonds that are developed through sharing bottle of coke together. Coke therefore plays an important role in making fresh student meet and reduce the awkwardness of first day of college. This implies that coca cola i s associated with friendship, joy and long-lasting memories (Jean Diaz 2016). Starbucks social relationship marketing Starbucks launched online social media-based scavenger hunt program that connects its popular pumpkin spice latte drink to fans in 2014. The company gives consumer first taste of the brand through customer interaction in its twitter handle @TheRealIPSL starting august of 2014. The Starbucks customers were then guided through secrete passcodes called FIRST PSL. By visiting local Starbuck store guest could get beverage early using the passcode. Starbuck ideally receive more customers through this connection and made a huge sale. Many funs submitted 62000 photos in the social media that include their excitement thus Starbuck became the best beverage seller. Starbuck therefore used its social relationship marketing into sales opportunity through creating personality for beverage and interaction with its excited fans on major social media (Starbuck.com). Conclusion Service quality is clearly the quality of produced services and is connected to customer through relationship marketing. There are many models that explain service quality such as gap model. Relationship marketing on the other hand presents strategies that allow participation of customers in the marketing. Marketing triangle explains the relationship marketing through connection between customer, employees and company. Finally, customer wheel of loyalty is the marketing model that combines service quality and relationship marketing. A good example of the relationship marketing is the Coca Cola relationship marketing such as Coca Cola Twist. References Achrol, R, S. Kotler, P, 2006, The Service-Dominant Logic for Marketing: A Critique, in R.F. Luschand S.L. Vargo(eds) The Service-Dominant Logic of Marketing: Dialog, Debate, and Directions, pp. 320333. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe. Booms, B Bitner, M, 1981, Marketing Strategies Organizational Structures for Service Firms. In J.H. Donnelly, W.R. George (Eds.), Marketing of Services. Chicago. , American Marketing Association. Baron, S, Conway, T, Warnaby G, 2010, Relationship Marketing: A Consumer Experience Approach, London: Sage. Brady, MK, Cronin, JJ, Brand, RR, 2002, Performance-only measurement of service quality: a replication and extension. Journal of Business Research, vol.55, no.1, pp 17-31 Frederick F, R, 2001, Loyalty RulesHow Todays Leaders Build Lasting Relationships, Boston: MA, Harvard Business School Press, vol.43, pp 8485. Frost, FA, and Kumar, M, 2000, INTSERVQUALan internal adaptation of the GAP model in a large service organization. Journal of Services Marketing, vol.14, no.5, pp 358-377. 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