Inca rebellion Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Inca rebellion - Movie Review Example The responsible elements behind this conquest are the age old accepted notions of the various historians and archeologists. This documentary also holds horses, steel and germs, accountable for the invasion of the Spanish over the Incas. The documentation focuses mainly on the discoveries made by Guillermo Cook. The common notion behind the Inca devastation was the mismatch of the regimes but yet this documentary focuses on some other latest theories and contentions regarding the great fall of the civilization. The historians and archeologists, believing on the new theory feel that the horses, steel and germs were the beneficial point of the Spanish conquistadors but the major deciding factor for the conquest of the Spanish were the enlistment of some native tribes in the battle against the Incas. The documentary is divided into two neat divisions and the major deviation from the chronicles occurs in the first half. The second half is more interesting than the previous one. The cemetery supports the existing belief of the historians yet it is not shown properly. The episode regarding the arrival of the Pizzaro also demands more historical evidences. Every historical documentary, deviates a bit from the chronicles and this documentary is also not an exception in this regard yet it is a worth watching documentary as it opens up many more avenues of the age-old hidden and inquisitive controversies and contentions regarding the world’s greatest civilization - The Great

Empowering Women - Culture vs Modern Life Essay Example for Free

Empowering Women Culture vs Modern Life Essay The world today has allowed women to hold other positions apart from their traditional roles which are being temporarily pushed aside. Temporary because traditional roles and family responsibilities can never be ignored or eliminated and it is this responsibility that women need to be empowered to encourage and give them the confidence to venture out and earn income to meet the demands of everyday life. The 20th century has become familiar with gender equality and more women and girls are stepping out of their traditional roles and embracing success despite facing economic, social, cultural and educational issues. This essay will discuss the issue of empowering women as a strategy used to help women and investment in education as the driving forces of overcoming problems and help forge a better future. Firstly, in our environment today we see more women stepping out of their traditional roles to work regardless of low or high paid income. The disadvantage on the economical level they face is the power of wealth where unnecessary spending does not allow for savings for the future. Women tend to give in to husbands demands and with peer pressure want for luxury items far beyond their affordability. For instance, our environment can influence the way we spend especially wanting what others have, for example, purchasing a vehicle can exhaust funds and create debt and borrowing. Economically this slows the growth of the economy and encourages poverty within families and the community. Secondly, the social disadvantage women face as they begin to take up higher responsibilities and thus, decision making within their household and at work encourages them to stand for their rights on any issues they face. This can lead to many social problems as they are exposed to many lifestyles such as the way they dress, attitudes and behavior changes. These changes can result to problems within the household and the community which leads to violence within families and between husband and wives or women and the community. In Bagdad, Afghanistan women who sought work in town are changing the way they dress from wearing their cultural wear, burqa (clothes that cover most of their entire body) to wearing short skirts and blouses to work. This has angered some husbands and in February 21st Pritka Singh’s husband killed her for bringing shame into the family as a mother. (Fiji Times, March 4 2013 p.19) Lastly, in most Pacific Island countries and some places within the Asian and Middle East countries, women’s role is to stay at home and look after the families while the husbands earn income to support the family financially. But as women begin to shift roles and work to earn an income, most women begin to spend most of their time at work rather than at home. For this reason most families system begins to breakup as children are left to care for themselves and the upbringing by their caretakers are under supervised can lead children to poor health. Also, divorce and broken homes happen when mothers and fathers spend time away from each other and reconciliation is beyond repair. (Personal communication Priscilla Tongi) However, even though the disadvantages are discouraging I feel that these problems can be fixed and overcome as strategies of empowering of women begin to take place. In the past, women were not allowed to stand up among men to participate in decision making but the 20th century has allowed this and why empowering of women has made a positive impact on women so far. Firstly, the advantage of empowering women to do more and engage in formal work possibility leads to economic growth. A study shows that women in Australia who held positions as board directors significantly had higher financial returns, including 53 percent higher returns on equity, 24 percent higher returns on sales and 67 percent higher returns on invested capital (www.wikipedia.org). This shows that female workers use strategies that communicate well with their employees to motivate them to perform well within the environment they work in. Secondly, the mentalities of men as the superior of both genders begin to change as women become empowered and begin to take up responsibilities similar to men. Here women have the confidence and courage to make decisions within their household, workplaces and the society as a whole. They rise from fear of being teased, mocked, seen as worthless and not important and begin to take part in important discussions with males to help their families and communities. (www.ifad.org) This social advantage helps in confirming fundamental rights of women. Finally, Education is an important element to any development within a society and without proper education poverty emerges. Through empowering of women, this strategy has encouraged more women to attend school and given the same opportunities as the male. Universities and other formal education enhances understanding on different fields like health, economics, politics etc to help them make good decisions within their families and society.(www.ifd.org) For example in Honiara at the Anglican Satellite church at Burns Creek , Literacy classes for the rural uneducated mothers are held twice a week to help them to read and write . Hence, confidence in attending community meetings and sharing in decision makings with the community become easy. Investment in education should be a priority to assist women become good role models and with educational achievements of women are more likely to be looked upon as setting good examples. (personal communication Shirley Nokia) Based on the evidence presented in this essay, empowerment of women is a positive strategy which encourages women, whereas in the past, little was done to allow women to step out from their traditional roles and into higher positions. Although the disadvantages hinder women through economical, social and educational issues, the advantages are more promising and through investment in education especially, women and girls can have a better future and make a better world for all.

Beowulf Characters :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Beowulf Characters Schyld Scefing: He is the first great king of the Danes, and upon his death he is given a remarkable burial at sea. He eventually becomes the great-grandfather of Hrothgar who is king during Grendel's attacks upon the Danes. Beowulf: A thane of the Geat king Hygelac and eventually becomes King of the Geats. Hrothgar: King of the Danes at the time of Grendel's constant attacks. During is reign as king he builds the hall (Heorot) as a tribute to his people and his peaceful reign. Heorot: The great hall that Hrothgar builds in celebration of his reign. Grendel: A descendant of Cain and a man/monster, Grendel attacks Heorot after Beowulf's arrival. Beowulf eventually kills him, with his severed arm hung as a trophy in Heorot. Wulfgar: A loyal thans of Hrothgar, Wiglaf is a watchman for the Danes and the first to greet Beowulf and his men to the land of the Danes. He also deems the Geat visitors as people worthy enough to meet with Hrothgar. Ecgtheow: He is Beowulf's father. He is a Waegmunding by birth and a Geat by marriage. When he was younger. Unferth: Unferth's name means "discord". He is a thane of Hrothgar's who taunts Beowulf in the hall about his swimming contest with Breca. However, Beowulf shames him in the boasting match. Wealhtheow: She is Hrothgar's queen and the mother of his two sons. Her name comes from the Anglo-Saxon words for "treasure bearer." She actually has the duty of presenting necklaces and mead-cups at court. Sigemund: Known as a famous dragon slayer, he is an ancient Germanic hero whose story is recounted after the fight with Grendel. Heremond: An ancient Danish king who fell from grace and became ruthlessly evil king. He is used by Hrothgar as a bad example of bad kingship for Beowulf. Hildeburh: She is an ancient Danish princess who was married into the Frisian royalty. Her story is recounted during the second feast for Beowulf at Heorot. Her brother and her son were both killed in a war with the Frisians at Finnesburh. Hrothulf: Hrothulf is Hrothgar's younger brother. Wealhtheow calls upon him to protect her young sons if it necessary to do so. Grendel's Mother: The of the man/monster Grendel she comes to Heorot seeking vengeance for the death of her son, and is killed by Beowulf. Aeschere: He is one of Hrothgar's important officials and trusted thanes.

Wireless Networks

Chapter 3 Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss 1. (a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the 2-ray ground reflection model in the analysis of path loss. (b) What insight does the 2-ray model provide about large-scale path loss that was disregarded when cellular systems used very large cells? 2 . In a 2-ray ground reflected model, assume that must be kept below 6. 261 radians for phase cancellation reasons. Assuming a receiver height of 2 m, and given a requirement that be less than 50 , what are the minimum allowable values for the T-R separation distance and the height of the transmitter antenna?The carrier frequency is 900 MHz. 3. In the 2-ray path loss model with ? derive an appropriate expression far the location of the signal nulls at the receiver. 4 . Compare the received power for the exact expressions for the 2-ray ground reflection model. Assume the height of the transmitter is 40 m and the height of the receiver is 3m. The frequency is 1800 MHz, and unit y gain antennas are used. Plot the received. 5. Referring to Figure P3. 3, compute d = d1, the first Fresnel zone distance between transmitter and receiver for a 2-ray ground reflected propagation path, in terms of and X.This is the distance at which path loss begins to transition from d to d behavior. Assume 6 . If the received power at a reference distance d0 = I km is equal to 1 microwatt, find the received powers at distances of 2 km, 5 kin, 10 km, and 20 km from the same transmitter for the following path loss models: (a) Free space; (b) n = 3; (c) n = 4; (d) 2-ray ground reflection using the exact expression; (e) extended Hata model. Assume f=1800 MHz, ht = 40m, hr = 3m, Gt=Gr=0dB. Plot each of these models on the same graph over the range of 1 km to 20km. 7 .Assume the received power at a reference distance d0 = 1 km is equal to 1 microwatt, and f=1800 MHz, ht = 40m, hr = 3m, Gt=Gr=0dB. Compute, compare, and plot the exact 2-ray ground reflection model with the approximate ex pression. At what T-R separations do the models agree and disagree? What are the ramifications of using the approximate expression instead of the exact expression in cellular system design? 8 . A transmitter provides 15W to an antenna having 12 dB gain. The receiver antenna has a gain of 3 dB and the receiver bandwidth is 30 kHz.If the receiver system noise figure is 8 dB and the carrier frequency is 1800 MHz, find the maximum T-R separation that will ensure that a SNR of 20 dB is provided for 95% of the time. Assume n = 4, dB, and d0 = 1 km. 9. Assume a SNR of 25 dB is desired at the receiver. If a 900 MHz cellular transmitter has an EIRP of 100 W, and the AMPS receiver uses a 0 dB gain antenna and has a 10 dB noise figure, find the percentage of time that the desired SNR is achieved at a distance of 10 km from the transmitter. Assume n=4, dB, and d0 = 1 km.

What Are The Drivers Of Organisational Change Commerce Essay

This assignment was undertaken with the purpose of analyzing what organizational alteration is within the concern universe, what are the drivers of organizational alteration and the different types of organizational alteration, it will look at four different schools of alteration in peculiar the classical attack, human dealingss, systematic attack, the eventuality attack and it will complete off with a decision. The undermentioned quotation mark identifies the grounds for alteration within the concern universe:â€Å" If the environment were absolutely inactive†¦ and if tomorrow were ever precisely the same as today, organizational alteration would hold small or no relevancy to directors † ( Robbins & A ; Judge 2008:280 )Change happens daily as the universe transforms and alters, because of this administration ‘s must be willing and able to alter along with the universe so to be in a place to be able to run into the outlook of everybody and everything linked with the administration in order to remain competitory within the concern universe, everybody in concern is affected by organizational alteration from the minor alterations such as the execution of a new type of package into the company to the bigger alterations such as a amalgamation with another company or a take-over which could affect the execution of new systems and protocols ( Senior, 2002 ) . Change is affected by drivers and drivers are affected by environmental factors which can be shown under the undermentioned degrees, the Macro degree besides known as the Far Environment which includes all outside influences upon which the concern operates in nevertheless, the concern has little or no control over these influences and as such can non place when or how alterations within these factors will happen. PESTEL is normally used to place factors within the Far Environment and this is broken down below. P – Political Drivers for Change hold alot of weight over the ordinances of a company as they form the foundation upon which a company must run within, these factors can include consumer, competition and employee Torahs, merchandise and service ordinances, besides these factors can be influenced by terrorist act such as the bombardments in London which brought about immense alteration with the air hose industry security such as the limitation of liquids on planes. E – Economic Drivers for Change are immense factors for administrations as they include the type of revenue enhancement within an country, involvement rates, exchange rates and rising prices. Economic factors will hold a immense impact on the type of work force available to a company as it can place how educated the population is, can providers be accessed and how clients will respond. An illustration of economic factors impacting concern can be the recent recession in which many builders went out of concern as people stopped purchasing and edifice houses. S – Socio-Cultural Drivers for Change vary from each state and must be recognised to place the cultural alterations in different societies, they can include altering tendencies within a specific society such as faith in India where people say prayer daily, how good educated the society is e.g. IT companies looking for a technologically educated population for their concern, the province of the wellness system and ethnicity. It is besides identified as how a company chooses to sell or market themselves E.g. Fair Trade non merely benefits the company who sells the merchandise but besides guaranteed work for people in hapless states from which the merchandise originated. T – Technological Drivers for Change define new and bing developments as engineering is now a cardinal constituent in the mundane activities of concerns as it helps the administration to work quicker e.g. the usage of electronic mail in communicating, alterations in engineering can be expensive as the buying of equipment is a factor and the preparation of employees. L – Legal Drivers for Change place the ordinances which companies must adhere to, what they can and can non make in order to obey the jurisprudence O matter the cost such as the smoke prohibition. E – Environmental Drivers for Change affect more concerns in recent times as more clients are going environmentally cognizant, demanding environmentally friendly merchandises and services, i.e. reduced C footmark, selling Fair Trade merchandises. On the other manus with the Meso degree besides knows as the Near Environment of the administration tends to hold more control over factors as it includes the Stakeholders of the concern who are better able to force alteration as communicating is much easier and more flowing, three groups are formed the first being Dependant Stakeholders which rely to a great extent on their connexion with the concern, Co-Dependent Stakeholders have a common association with the concern as it benefits both side for the house to win e.g. stockholders puting in a company to derive from its success, and eventually Independent Stakeholders being people on the exterior of the company that feel they need to step in to rock the determination of a concern e.g . Americans banding together in a command to forestall Wall Mart from puting up store in their towns as they felt the shop would negatively impact concerns in the country ( Wall Mart, the high cost of low monetary values ) . And in conclusion the Micro degree known as the Internal Environment which has to make with the concern itself and is chiefly dictated by direction within the concern, its identified by the relationship between employees, employers, concern construction, civilization, processes and systems and is the get downing point of organizational alteration as this is where people start desiring alteration, development and betterment within the concern nevertheless, alteration in one country of the administration will hold a direct affect on another portion of the concern and this must be taken into consideration when doing a determination on alteration ( Price, 2009 ) . Due to outside influences driving alteration administrations are forced to maintain up to rush with these alterations and have administrations in a place whereby if alteration is required the appropriate alterations are implements to reflect these external environmental factors in a timely and smoothly mode so as non to set any added force per unit area on the company ( Price, 2009 ) . Grundy identified that tonss of directors viewed alteration as being all the same whilst others viewed it as holding a negative impact on the administration, he identified three types of alteration as is shown in â€Å" Grundys ( 1993 ) three assortments of alteration † , the first being â€Å" smooth and incremental alteration † which is alteration that is implemented bit by bit, continually and in an orderly manner, Grundy states that this type of alteration was more so typical in the UK during the 1950s and 1970s and would be seldom seen in the concern universe of today, the 2nd type o f alteration is recognised as â€Å" rough incremental alteration † which identifies infrequent phases of certainty within the external environment but in no manner uninterrupted plenty to enable the measuring of the alteration involved hence doing sporadic alteration which upsets the administration, and in conclusion â€Å" discontinuous alteration † is due to a immense displacement in the environment internally or externally, this can be due to such things as chances within the market like merger/take-over or a big alteration in the external environment such as the presently economic recession which has forced many administrations to implement alterations to counter the effects of the recession. This type of alteration demands to be implemented rapidly and is instructed to staff instead than being discussed as it is normally implemented in an exigency state of affairs ( Senior, 2002 ; Price, 2009 ) . Burnes ( 2004 ) besides identifies another two type of alteration the first being Punctuated Equilibrium, this recognise that fact that alteration can happen at fickle explosive periods and secondly is Continuous Transformation which identifies the demand for regular dramatic accommodations in administrations change such being regular preparation for staff ( Senior, 2002 ; Price, 2009 ) . Traveling on to Schools of Change it should be noted that at nowadays there is no 1 â€Å" attack to alter that is theoretically holistic, universally applicable, and which can be practically applied † , the undertaking for a concern is to happen a theory and place the strengths and failings of that theory in order to recognize how it can be best implemented into the concern. This assignment will look at four of these attacks get downing with the Classical attack which was developed in the 19th century and works off the thought that there is merely â€Å" one best manner † to execute a undertaking â€Å" portraying administrations as machines, and those in them as mere parts which respond to the right stimulation and whose actions are based on scientific rules. † The attack is wholly geared towards direction doing all determinations in the concern and employees being viewed as merely a portion in a on the job machine. This attack is besides known as the Scientifi c-Rational attack and has three similar constructs: to see an administration as a machine that one time set in gesture will prosecute and accomplish its ends, the administration is merely interested in workers that can help the company in accomplishing its ends, people are motivated to work merely by money and direction must remain in control at all times. The most of import theoreticians of the classical attack were Fredrick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henri Fayol and Max Weber. Taylor ‘s rule of scientific direction is based on the thought of efficiency and is deemed to be the get downing point of the â€Å" development of administration and direction theory † . Taylors theory focused on making the best and manner to make a occupation and that workers are money motivated with direction detailing what each occupations is, the result expected from each place within a specified timeframe, workers have to be micro managed to guarantee the work is being completed w hilst being motivated by money ( fillips ) , more work peers more wage and as with the classical attack workers are merely viewed as objects and non valued by the administration that can be replaced at any clip ( Burnes, 2004 ) . Deems taylors theory worked off of three parts: gather all cognition about the occupation to enable elaborate â€Å" occupation regulations, Torahs and expression † to be drawn up that must be adhered to by each worker, restricting worker engagement to the extent of really physically making the work and directors micro managed to guarantee the work was being done the clip allocated, this theory take all duty off from the worked and topographic points it with the director â€Å" each adult male receives in most instances complete written instructions, depicting in item the undertaking which he is to carry through, every bit good as the agencies to be used in making the work ( Taylor, 1911a: 39 ) † . Taylor besides believed in engaging the best worker for each specific occupation and merely by making this would the administration acquire the best consequences, this farther solidified the thought of workers being classed as â€Å" human machines † and of no value to the administration as their cognition was limited to the specific occupation they held in the administration, undertakings became limited which in bend made it easier to learn to new workers and hence the demand for a skilled work force was reduced and this lowered rewards. This theory is still really popular in big administration such as mills like Dell where employees are required to work off lines nevertheless ; this theory would non be possible in smaller administrations such as enlisting bureaus as this function required a high input from the work force in order for the concern to win ( Burnes, 2004 ) . The following attack to be looked at is Human Relations which was developed in the 1930 ‘s as a reaction to the â€Å" de-humanised † attack of classical. Theorists to develop the attack were Myers in the 1920 ‘s and Mayo in 1933, in their hunt they recognised workers had more to offer an administration that the classical attack let its work force proving that administrations were societal Mecca ‘s and therefore required input from the work force, it was about completed different to the classical attack in that it viewed employees demands as holding great influence on the administration compared to employees merely being offered pecuniary inducements, that workplaces are non merely machines but societal countries where employees form relationships with others and insouciant activities are the norm compared to the formal activities of the classical attack, where as classical is a predictable machine driven by regulations and clip frames, human dealingss is a m ore insouciant and laid back attack best suited in little administrations such as the enlisting industry where it will gives advisers the freedom to work on their ain virtue and accomplish their ain marks. Similarities do be in that both attacks believe in being immutable entities one time constructions have been out in topographic point and that they are both the best manner frontward. Elton Mayo is famed for his word on â€Å" The Hawthorn Experiments † on Western Electric during the 1920s and 30s, these experiments identified workers need to be recognised as it showed it was non the alterations in the construction of their work that saw an addition in productiveness but the fact that they were being singled out to be surveies that gave the workers a sense of duty and utility. Mayo identified two nucleus facets that would come to organize the footing of the human dealingss attack, one being the demand for societal groups within the work force and for employees to work toget her instead an as persons, the 2nd being the demand for employees to be recognised for their work, this attack shows that actuating employees and sing employees as a valued portion of the administration benefits the concern which is wholly contradictory to what Taylor viewed in the classical attack ( Burnes, 2004 ) . The Contingency theory attack was developed during the 1960 ‘s and works on the footing that there is more than one best was frontward for an administration as all administration face different uncertainnesss so the theory needs to be tailored for each administration individually and non be viewed every bit one as the classical and human dealingss approached show, it proves that administrations are non closed systems but are reliant on external environmental factors such as engineering placing all administrations have different constructions, three of the most of import eventualities are the capriciousness of environmental factors to the administration whether internal or external, the usage of engineering as it has become a core portion of the activities of administration in the modern universe and the size of the administration being a important variable, Tom Burns and George Macpherson conducted the first surveies in 1961 that identified a nexus between administrations envir onmental factors and constructions and proved that â€Å" one best manner † as identified by the classical and human dealingss was in fact non the best manner frontward, their research identified five environment types that affected the administration on different degrees and two types of construction they names as Mechanistic ( similar to classical ) which worked positively in stable conditions and Organic ( similar to human dealingss ) in un-predictable conditions, their research does non confute the classical or human relation but identifies the dependence on the type of environment in which they will be applied to ( Burnes, 2004 ) . And eventually the Systems attack which was besides developed in the 1960s viewed â€Å" administrations as both a whole, and as portion of a larger environment † made up of a figure of different sub-systems that in times of alteration will impact other parts of the administration and alternatively of being classified as closed and cut off from the external environmental factors, as shown in the classical and human dealingss attacks, administrations are in fact â€Å" unfastened systems † within the internal and external environments. This system is used in placing these sub-systems hence recognizing if there is a demand for alteration to better public presentation on an overall degree. Miller ( 1967 ) identified four organizational sub-systems as organizational end and values, proficient, psychosocial and managerial with Burke ( 1980 ) as stated in Burnes ( 2004 ) placing when taking an over all position of the administration the undermentioned factors need to be looke d at, sub-systems are mutualist as a alteration in one country is traveling to impact the administration in another country. Decision

The making of Mr Putin essays

The making of Mr Putin essays In order to ask the question who is Putin, it is first necessary ask what is a politician and what do we really know about any of them. The article The Making of Mr. Putin, discusses the fact that what we know about Russians President is filtered. The images we see, the stories we read are all strategically placed to create a certain image of the leader of the Russian state. These images are supposed to play on the emotions of the voters. The qualities that are emphasized and presented are those desirable by the majority. In essence, Putin is a public figure for a force much greater than himself. Hes the front man of a group of people whose interests lie in ruling the state and deciding in what direction the country should go next. It is pointed out, that Putins goal while growing up was to work for the KGB, a very secretive, powerful, efficiently functioning part of the Soviet state machine. He set this goal for himself early in life, found out what had to be done to accomplish the goal, and did it. It is my opinion that everyone wants to have some power. The extent of the desired power depends on a persons determination and character. Putins determination and qualities required to join the KBG are, in my opinion, what got him to where he is today. The conditions of life and government changed, so he adjusted, keeping some the previously learned tactics, which he could use to his advantage. The article mentions several times Putins lack of leadership experience. Until he was introduced to the Russian people by Boris Yeltsin, he worked in highly controlled positions where his every move was dictated by someone else. I wonder if that has changed simply because he is now the President. It is my opinion that no one person can be the leader of an entire State. Yes, he does have the title, but does that mean that everything that happens within the new Russian regime is decided by Putin. I do not ...

Top 5 Challenges for a Detroit Veteran

Top 5 Challenges for a Detroit Veteran Top 5 Challenges for a Detroit Veteran In Detroit,  veterans  of the U.S. military face many challenges each day. From acclimating to civilian life after lengthy deployments to  applying for and receiving disability benefits, navigating the world of veterans’ assistance programs can be complicated. What are some of the most significant challenges facing veterans in Detroit today? Let’s take a look at the top issues faced by members of the armed forces. Applying for and Receiving Disability BenefitsAccording to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), current veterans in Detroit and across the country are more likely to suffer from a service-related disability than in previous years. Currently, nearly 30 percent of unemployed veterans suffer from a service-related disability, compared with about 15 percent prior to 2001.In general, disability benefits may be available for any veteran in the Detroit area who was wounded or injured while he or she was on active duty. Even in certain situations, preexist ing conditions that were aggravated by your military service may render you eligible for disability benefits. If you’re unsure about whether you have a service-connected disability or whether you qualify for benefits, you should contact a Michigan disability attorney. Applying for and Receiving Special Monthly Compensation (SMC)It can be difficult to know whether your disability makes you eligible for Special Monthly Compensation (SMC), which is an additional tax-free benefit to disability compensation. It’s intended to help veterans with specific disabilities, â€Å"such as loss of use of one hand or leg,† according to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. It requires the â€Å"need of aid and attendance by another person.† Do you qualify for this benefit? And if you think you might be eligible, how do you apply? You should contact an experienced disability benefits lawyer in Detroit as soon as possible. Seeking a Specially Adapted Housing (SAH) Grant In general, the Veterans Benefits Administration provides grants for current service members and veterans who have certain permanent and total disabilities related to their service when they’re seeking to purchase or build an adapted home, or when they’re seeking to modify their current home to accommodate their service-related disability.Specially Adapted Housing  (SAH) grants are one way that the VA helps disabled veterans with housing options. SAH grants are intended for certain veterans who have service-connected disabilities who plan to continue living â€Å"independently in a barrier-free environment,† according to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. If you have questions about your eligibility for such a grant, don’t hesitate to discuss your situation with an experienced  Michigan Social Security Disability  attorney. Getting Help with Vocational RehabilitationUnemployment is a serious problem affecting thousands of veterans across the c ountry, and those in Detroit in particular. Indeed, according to the BLS, the city of Detroit often has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country. As of April 2015, the unemployment rate in Detroit came in at more than 10 percent- a figure nearly four points higher than that in the neighboring metropolitan area of Chicago.When it comes to veterans dealing with unemployment, the BLS estimates that, among those serving since September 2001, the  unemployment rate for veterans  is around 10 percent across the country, with female veterans facing an unemployment rate of nearly 12 percent. Many veterans don’t know that they may be eligible to receive certain  vocational rehabilitation and employment services, according to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Such services can help veterans to start their own businesses, for example, or can help severely disabled veterans to find opportunities outside traditional employment. Getting Back to Work if You’r e DisabledOne of the goals of the vocational rehabilitation services offered by the VA focus on helping disabled and paralyzed veterans return to work in some capacity. Although the wounds or injuries suffered while on active duty may mean that you’re unable to return to the type of work you held previously, your disability doesn’t mean that you can’t stay active in your community. Indeed, according to  Paralyzed Veterans of America, the Paralyzed Veterans’ Vocational Rehabilitation Program helps to match veterans with severe disabilities to vacancies in the job market.Contact an Experienced Detroit Benefits LawyerMany veterans are eligible for disability compensation, which is â€Å"a tax-free monetary benefit paid to veterans with disabilities that are the result of a disease or injury incurred or aggravated during military service.† However, many service members and veterans aren’t certain if they qualify for these benefits, and applyin g for them or  appealing a denial  can be a confusing and complicated process.If you’ve served in the Armed Forces and suffered an injury or illness, you should discuss your case with a  disability attorney in Detroit  today.  Contact  the Disability Attorneys of Michigan, to learn more about how we can assist with your claim.

What to Do If Youre Placed on Academic Probation

What to Do If Youre Placed on Academic Probation Being placed on academic probation while in college is serious business. You may have known it was coming, you may have had no idea it was coming- but now that its here, its time to sit up and pay attention. What Exactly Is Academic Probation? Academic probation can mean various things at different colleges and universities. Usually, however, it means that your academic performance (either in a series of classes or through your GPA) is not strong enough for you to be making acceptable progress toward your degree. Consequently, if you dont improve, you may be asked (translation: required) to leave the college. Learn the Specifics of Your Probation Just like schools can have different definitions of academic probation, students can have different terms for their academic probation. Read the fine print of your warning letter and make sure you understand everything thats in there. How do you need to change your academic standing? To what? By when? What happens if you dont do so- will you need to leave the college? Leave just the residence hall? Not be eligible for financial aid? Get Help No matter how confident you felt, clearly something did not work out if youre on academic probation. Check in with people for help: your academic advisor, your professors, a tutor, other students in the class, and anyone else you can utilize as a resource. Sure, it may be awkward to ask for help, but doing is almost certainly less awkward than having to leave college before you had planned to. Keep Getting Help Lets say you reach out for help, get a tutor, and work, work, work to study for your next chemistry test- which you promptly ace. Your confidence goes up and you start to feel like you may not need as much help as you thought you did. Be extra careful not to let yourself fall into your old patterns- you know, the ones that got you into academic probation in the first place- and to stick with getting help throughout the term. Prioritize Your Other Commitments If youre placed on academic probation, youll need to do a serious assessment of your other commitments. Passing your classes now becomes your number one priority (as it should have been from the beginning). Be honest with yourself about your other commitments in college and, as hard as it may be, cut out as much as you need to in order to make sure your academics are getting the time and attention they deserve. After all, you cant be involved in all you want to do if youre not allowed back in school next semester. Make a list of what you need to do (like working) versus what you want to do (like being heavily involved in your Greeks social planning committee) and make some changes as needed.

What is History exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What is History exercise - Essay Example Five thousand years ago there may be many gaps in the historical record, fifty years ago there may be so much information that it is virtually impossible for a single historian to digest the material. Physical evidence from the past may provide firm evidence for what "really happened". Thus an archaeological dig of a battlefield may reveal a wealth of information about the type ammunition used, the number of dead and even the type of food that the armies were eating. However, even with a wealth of physical evidence, the historian's task is to place it in context. Thus, what does the type of food that was eaten by an army mean to the overall reality of what was occurring at a time Another difficulty with discovering "what really happened" is that the historian needs to decide from whose viewpoint are the occurrences being seen. The traditional, "great man" view of history, which tells of the happenings that occurred to Kings, Queens, Emperors, Presidents, Prime Ministers . . . . that is very different from a history of the ordinary or poor people. The latter may be virtually unaware of what is happening at the national level, while the former may ignore the plight of most of the people that they rule. So "what really happened" depends upon the point of view being taken. "Happening" is a multiple occurrence and has multiple dimensions according to the different groups and individuals being considered. In more recent history, the historian faces the challenge of having perhaps too much information. For example, a historian studying the assassination of President John F Kennedy will find hundreds of thousands of documents at his disposal. Indeed, a historian could go through a lifetime reading all the documentation and never come to an end. Thus, rather than trying to piece together the past from scattered and incomplete knowledge, the historian needs to select from among that knowledge. A degree of selection may also lead to a degree of bias as the historian is almost bound to choose those documents and sources that are of most interest to him or which support a preconceived notion regarding an event. 2. To what extent can a historian be objective A historian should at least try to be as objective as possible, but absolute objectivity is impossible. Thus the first task is to not 'judge" the historical period or figure being considered by the standards of your own time. Considering a figure such as Henry VIII through the eyes of the ethics and standards of the Twenty-First Century is both futile and debilitating to the historical process. A King (or an ordinary man) should be considered within the context of his time in order to understand what, how and why things occurred. In recent years the so called "new history" has often tried to re-interpret historical events according to the standards of today. Thus Feminist history seeks to explore the subjugation and oppression of women, gay history does the same for gay people etc. While a lot of fascinating scholarship appears within these genres of history, the actual sense of the place and time being considered often becomes lost within the ideological vigor of the historian. Such historians often seem to pride themselves on the fact that they are not being objective. To be fair, those proponents of new history would suggest that traditional historians are just as un-objective through their uncritical analysis of patriarchal, sexist, homophobic societies. The new historians claim that not to

What are Effective crime strategies for cities Assignment

What are Effective crime strategies for cities - Assignment Example Effective crime strategies are very relevant to the cities. Most countries depend on the economic situations of the city to maintain the general GDP of the country. With peace in cities, there would be many opportunities in the cities. The unemployed would get jobs; mega investors would begin their exploration, and there would be a general improvement of the economy. The city faces the challenges of pollution and over congestion. To tackle these issues effectively, the city needs peace. Policy makers would have an easy time during making decisions that would benefit the city. Peace is important to the city because in carries the future policy of the country. It is important to protect these policies because they are the backbone to the countrys economy (Kelling, 2003). The city council should not only rely on the police to fight crime. They have to identify the cause of the crime. Solving the cause is the effective way to tackle insecurity in the city. The common cause of crime activities in the city is poverty. The council has to formulate ways of tackling poverty among the city dwellers. The city has to establish a unit that solves problems. There are petty problems in the city that sometimes goes overboard and result to crime. The city has to identify small problems and solve them, as students dropping out of school and indiscipline children. The council has to mobilise the local police. The local police have a role in maintaining the peace of the city. Council members have to set aside funds that would help motivate these police. The council should further provide the police with necessary tools that would help them fight criminals (Alvarez, 2005). The council has to involve the locals in making security decisions. The locals have to feel a sense of belonging in the city. Community development is a basic requirement in attaining peace. It is the people themselves who know the enemy within. With community development in place, the city will

The changes made as a result of the uprising known as the Arab Spring Essay

The changes made as a result of the uprising known as the Arab Spring have been mostly positive for Libya - Essay Example On the other side, some people consider that the Arab Spring transformed the Middle East Asian and African nations from political stability to instability and anarchy. Thesis statement: The statement ‘The changes made as a result of the uprising known as the ‘Arab Spring’ have been mostly positive for Libya’ is valid because the same helped the people of Libya to keep themselves away from dictatorship, anarchy, and political instability. The arguments in favor of the positive influence of Arab Spring in Libyan context are based upon the fact that the same helped the people of Libya to be free from the clutches of dictatorship initiated by Col. Al Gaddafi. To be specific, the mass protest originated in the Arab area (say, the Middle East Asian and African nations) in the year 2011 later transformed into civil wars in different nations. Besides, the initial victory gained by the Tunisian protestors in their motherland inspired other nations under dictatorship. But Gaddafi never expected that he will be the victim of the revolutionary spirit of his own people. Nicholas Hagger stated that, â€Å"Gaddafi had attempted to bring in socialist measures to benefit the poor, but, obsessed with statelessness and â€Å"direct democracy† (Revolutionary committees and popular congresses), he had allowed an anarchistic and chaotic political structure (or rather, lack of structure) to impede his efforts† (137). http://books.google.co.in/books?id=yvhnXPK78MwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Libyan+Revolution:+Its+Origins+and+Legacy:+a+Memoir+and+Assessment&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1W5pVMPOBNW1uQTs7oHIDA&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Libyan%20Revolution%3A%20Its%20Origins%20and%20Legacy%3A%20a%20Memoir%20and%20Assessment&f=false To be specific, the people of Libya were not ready to be under a cruel dictator like Gaddafi. Gaddafi tired his level best to suppress the protest in his

Arsenal Football Club Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Arsenal Football Club - Coursework Example Historical Record of Arsenal Football Club The financial performance of Arsenal Football Club was quite strong in the year 2010 and the club has also experienced significant drop of debt. From the historical viewpoint, the earnings of Arsenal Football Club have fluctuated. In the year 2001, the club had a profit of almost 24.3 million Pounds but in the subsequent year the club experienced loss of 20.5 million Pounds. The reason of loss in that financial year was rise in wages due to growth in the number of players (London Business School, 2009). Since initiation the club’s group turnover has progressed gradually. In the year 2005, the group turnover of Arsenal Football club was almost 138.4 million Pounds which had become more than double by 2010 to almost 379.9 million Pounds. The club also experienced growth of operating profit in that period. The low sales in the property development business were the main reason for decreasing operating profit in 2006. Arsenal Football Club operates in two prominent segments which are football and property development. Since the operating loss in the year 2006, the football segment has shown increased growth. In the year 2007, the turnover of football segment was almost 207.7 million Euros which had become 229.9 million Euros in 2009. The increase was generally motivated by new television series. In the year 2010, almost nineteen â€Å"Barclays Premier League†, 4 â€Å"UEFA Champion League†, 3 â€Å"FA Cup† and 2 â€Å"Carling Cup† matches were telecasted. The revenue of football segment mostly comes from the sales of tickets. The Emirates Stadium of Arsenal Football Club also hosted two international friendly matches (Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2007; Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2010). ... Arsenal Football Club operates in two prominent segments which are football and property development. Since the operating loss in the year 2006, the football segment has shown increased growth. In the year 2007, the turnover of football segment was almost 207.7 million Euros which had become 229.9 million Euros in 2009. The increase was generally motivated by new television series. In the year 2010, almost nineteen â€Å"Barclays Premier League†, 4 â€Å"UEFA Champion League†, 3 â€Å"FA Cup† and 2 â€Å"Carling Cup† matches were telecasted. The revenue of football segment mostly comes from the sales of tickets. The Emirates Stadium of Arsenal Football Club also hosted two international friendly matches (Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2007; Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2010). Source: (Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2005; Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2010) Property development is the other section from which Arsenal Football Club generates profits. In the year 2005, the company experience d low activity in property development business. The total turnover during the year was 23.3 million Pounds which was 44% lesser compared to 2004. In 2006, the turnover of property development business had increased to 23.8 million Pounds which was 4.6 times more compared to previous year. The reason for this increase in turnover was due to sale of ‘Drayton Park’, one of the expansion sites of Arsenal Football Club. In the year 2008, the returns of property development business had again reduced to 15.3 million Pounds, because the sales activity was restricted by the yielding leasehold interests and constricting operations within the communal housing component. In 2009–2010, Arsenal Football Club had seen extreme

Module 5 - Case assigment-Business Ethics and Organizational Culture Essay

Module 5 - Case assigment-Business Ethics and Organizational Culture - Essay Example It is a cautionary tale of how to destroy a seemingly good corporation at the very peak of its success in the highly- competitive world of energy trading in a liberated but loosely regulated environment. Many things had connived to cause the unraveling of Enron, one of which was its wrong bet on the direction of the energy market. Prices were going south and so a desperate effort of covering up was undertaken, primarily that of off-balance sheet financial commitments. It was the perfect storm, so to speak, a confluence of negative events finally brought Enron down and taken positively, the failure of Enron brought about many positive changes in governance. A few examples of this benefit are today's increased vigilance, passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and reforms in the banking and financial sectors through stricter accounting reporting standards. Hopefully, Enron is the last of its kind of case, but one never knows for sure it will not repeat. This paper is a critical appraisal of the business ethics at Enron within the context of its organizational culture and how its leaders influenced and shaped that particular culture which in a way ultimately led to its spectacular end. Many things went wrong at Enron then but in a strange twist, no one raised a howl until it was too late. Enron is a classic case in business ethics. Discussion There are many different definitions of organizational culture, and several examples of its definition are given here. This is to give a general conceptual background of what it is and in a sense, what it is not. Organizational culture is the abstract but dynamic phenomenon observed in organizations that influences the people within that particular organization (Schein, 2010, p. 3) to think and act in certain prescribed ways acceptable to majority of its members. In this meaning of organizational culture, there is a certain emphasis on how culture is created through a series of constant exchanges between people, re-enacted and rei nforced by our interactions with the other people that are in turn shaped by our own conscious behavior. With this in mind, organizational culture implies a certain kind of rigidity that builds up stability within the organization, because it has coercive power on how people should feel, act, speak, think and do things in an acceptable manner that creates social order. In other words, organizational culture demands conformity. A slightly different meaning of organizational culture is the formal system of all shared meanings, values and viewpoints within an organization by which all members abide by (Divedi, 1995, p. 9); it positions the organization as something different from other similar organizations as it helps to define the basic or intrinsic nature of the said organization. Organizational culture can be structural in terms of its enduring characteristics which differentiate it as an organization, it can be subjective, in the way employees and members feel about the organizati on as a group, and lastly, it can be synthetic, which is a combination of both structural and subjective elements. It is the perceived subjective influence of the formal system within the organization, and coupled with the informal system of how its leaders and managers act and think, with all other factors. Another meaning of organi

Arsenal Football Club Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Arsenal Football Club - Coursework Example Historical Record of Arsenal Football Club The financial performance of Arsenal Football Club was quite strong in the year 2010 and the club has also experienced significant drop of debt. From the historical viewpoint, the earnings of Arsenal Football Club have fluctuated. In the year 2001, the club had a profit of almost 24.3 million Pounds but in the subsequent year the club experienced loss of 20.5 million Pounds. The reason of loss in that financial year was rise in wages due to growth in the number of players (London Business School, 2009). Since initiation the club’s group turnover has progressed gradually. In the year 2005, the group turnover of Arsenal Football club was almost 138.4 million Pounds which had become more than double by 2010 to almost 379.9 million Pounds. The club also experienced growth of operating profit in that period. The low sales in the property development business were the main reason for decreasing operating profit in 2006. Arsenal Football Club operates in two prominent segments which are football and property development. Since the operating loss in the year 2006, the football segment has shown increased growth. In the year 2007, the turnover of football segment was almost 207.7 million Euros which had become 229.9 million Euros in 2009. The increase was generally motivated by new television series. In the year 2010, almost nineteen â€Å"Barclays Premier League†, 4 â€Å"UEFA Champion League†, 3 â€Å"FA Cup† and 2 â€Å"Carling Cup† matches were telecasted. The revenue of football segment mostly comes from the sales of tickets. The Emirates Stadium of Arsenal Football Club also hosted two international friendly matches (Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2007; Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2010). ... Arsenal Football Club operates in two prominent segments which are football and property development. Since the operating loss in the year 2006, the football segment has shown increased growth. In the year 2007, the turnover of football segment was almost 207.7 million Euros which had become 229.9 million Euros in 2009. The increase was generally motivated by new television series. In the year 2010, almost nineteen â€Å"Barclays Premier League†, 4 â€Å"UEFA Champion League†, 3 â€Å"FA Cup† and 2 â€Å"Carling Cup† matches were telecasted. The revenue of football segment mostly comes from the sales of tickets. The Emirates Stadium of Arsenal Football Club also hosted two international friendly matches (Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2007; Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2010). Source: (Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2005; Arsenal Holdings PLC, 2010) Property development is the other section from which Arsenal Football Club generates profits. In the year 2005, the company experience d low activity in property development business. The total turnover during the year was 23.3 million Pounds which was 44% lesser compared to 2004. In 2006, the turnover of property development business had increased to 23.8 million Pounds which was 4.6 times more compared to previous year. The reason for this increase in turnover was due to sale of ‘Drayton Park’, one of the expansion sites of Arsenal Football Club. In the year 2008, the returns of property development business had again reduced to 15.3 million Pounds, because the sales activity was restricted by the yielding leasehold interests and constricting operations within the communal housing component. In 2009–2010, Arsenal Football Club had seen extreme

Organizational Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Organizational Leadership - Term Paper Example Resources should be readily available for organisation’s operation to flow smoothly on a daily basis. When resources are insufficient in an organisation, activities in various departments are delayed. This delay affects the pace or timing or achieving set targets and objectives. For organisational goals to be achieved, effective strategies have to be outlined, and required resources have to be availed. Also, the organisational leadership has to be outstanding. This paper will analyse concepts in organisational leadership and implications of theory X, Y and Z leaders in modern organisations. According to theory X, employees in every business organisation do not like what they do. It argues that employees must be forced to do assigned duties and responsibilities, through pressure and control from managers. In a business organisation, the most vital resources are the human ones. These resources (employees) determine the success of the organisation in its quest to achieve its goals and objectives. The way they execute assigned duties enables managers to check whether objectives are likely to be realised or not. Leaders in an organisation are responsible for performance of employees. They are required to set a good direction that should be followed by all members within the organisation. The direction set is vital in outlining how things should be run in the company. Theory X states that for all operations to run as planned, the leaders in an organisation should be harsh. They need to be strict, and on employees’ heels so that good results can be realised, at the end of specified period because theory X gives authority to management not to involve employees when making vital decisions on behalf of the whole company. Management only consult among themselves when coming up with plans and strategies to counter uncertainties. The fast decision making process is vital to an organisation since decisions are made quickly, hence minimising

Slow Movement from Haydns Emperor Quartet Essay Example for Free

Slow Movement from Haydns Emperor Quartet Essay The slow movement from Haydns Emperor Quartet is said to be one of Haydns greatest works. He uses a simple yet classic melody throughout his piece that is the underlying feature of this movement. The melody is in the form AABCC but the movement itself is in the style of theme and variations. The music in the movement is played sweetly (dolce) and is in cut time. The Introduction to Haydns Emperor Quartet is in GM and has the violin 1 playing the melody. The cello and the Viola have similar rhythmic parts that are playing important harmonies to the violin 1 part. The second violin is harmonizing the melody. Variation 1 is a duet between the two violins where the cello and the viola do not play. Violin 2 has the melody throughout the variation. Violin 1 is playing sets of semiquavers which give the different harmonies in this variation. Most of the notes in the violin 1 part are in intervals of 3rds and 5ths or are in scale order. This variation is always soft (sempre piano). In the next variation the bass instrument of the quartet has the melody (the cello). The violin 1 plays on the off beats for most of the variation with groups of semiquavers filled in as a small counter melody. Violin 2 is harmonizing between the melody and the violin 1 part. The viola is playing long notes every so often emphasizing the melody. Variation 2 is quite heavy and dense in harmonies and instruments in contrast to the first variation which was quite light. In variation 3 the viola has the melody. Throughout this variation there are mostly three instruments playing at one time. The instrument that do not have the melody come in and out though the piece. Violin 1 comes in with the viola at the beginning and has a similar line to its part in variation 2. Violin 2 comes in at bar 3 with syncopated notes and then goes into a small melody of its own. The cello do not come in till about halfway through the  variation where it plays a simple harmonic rhythm. Variation 4 is similar to the introduction in that the violin 1 has the melody again but Haydn has made it different by changing the other parts. Also in bar 5 the melody moves an octave higher to what it was in the introduction. The other three parts have similar rhythmic lines. The start of the variation has mostly crotchets and minims but in bar 10 Haydn has made use of quavers till the end of the piece. The cello changes clef in bars 7 to 14 to an alto clef then back to a bass clef. The three parts having the similar rhythmic lines helps creates a thick texture of harmonies. The ending bars draw a closure to the movement with the long cadence ending softly.

Analysing The Women Rights In Egypt Sociology Essay

Analysing The Women Rights In Egypt Sociology Essay The term womens right refers to freedoms and entitlements of women and girls of all ages. These rights may or may not be institutionalized, ignored or suppressed by law, local custom, and behavior in a particular society. These liberties are grouped together and differentiated from broader notions of human rights because they often differ from the freedoms inherently possessed by or recognized for men and boys and because activists for this issue claim an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls. Issues commonly associated with notions of womens rights include, though are not limited to, the right: to bodily integrity and autonomy; to vote (suffrage); to hold public office; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to own property; to education; to serve in the military or be conscripted; to enter into legal contracts; and to have marital, parental and religious rights. Women and their supporters have campaigned and in some places continue to campaign for the same rights as men. Women in ancient Egyptian: In ancient Egypt, womens rights reached a level that has rarely been equaled in any civilization right up to modern times. This was unusual in the ancient world and led to condemnation from neighboring states. Rather than being seen as the weaker sex, women were often portrayed as being just as violence as men.   Queens are shown crushing their enemies; executing prisoners and firing arrows at male opponents in battle. Women were also treated the same under criminal law and would suffer the same punishments as men for their crimes, including being executed if convicted of a capital offence.   However if it was found the offender was pregnant then her execution was delayed until after the birth. Although most official posts were given to men, women were known to hold high office.   There were female overseers, governors and judges and at least one, Queen Hetepheres II, ran the civil service.   Two women were given the role of vizier (prime minister), the highest administrative position and six even achieved the title of pharaoh. Women from poorer families were also free to find work and were often employed in traditional female roles such as maids, nannies and midwives.   According to Joseph Perkins of Minnesota State University, some are known to have started small businesses out of their homes often considerably increasing the family income through making and selling products such as linen or perfume.   Professional opportunities were also available to some women, such as director of dance and even physicians.   Female doctors are known to have been skilled enough to perform caesarean sections and to surgically remove cancerous breasts. The suffrage awarded to women allowed them to enjoy a high level of financial freedom.   Possessions, property and debt acquired by a woman through labour or inheritance was seen as separate from her husband and if she became a widow, she was entitled to inherit one third of the property they jointly owned, with the rest divided between the late husbands children and siblings. Despite their freedoms, Egyptian women were most commonly bestowed with the title of Lady of the House and were expected to run the home and bear children.   For poorer families, large numbers of offspring were necessary to provide extra sources of labour and income but for the wealthy few.   With both male and female servants to tend to daily chores and child rearing, richer women spent much of their time in leisure pursuits like listening to music, taking care of their pets, playing board games, eating good food and drinking fine wines. It is as mothers, sisters, wives and daughters to pharaohs, that royal women were most influential to the state.  Pharaohs also had a host of minor wives, who often were able to wield some influence and as succession did not necessarily go to the eldest son, they had the opportunity to become mother to a pharaoh. Pharaohs would often have a host of women known as Ornaments of the King who were chosen for their beauty and employed to entertain with singing and dancing.   Although this seems more in keeping with treatment of women elsewhere, in Egypt, they were important participants in court life and were active in royal functions, state events and religious ceremonies. Women often played a key role in the priesthood with royal women holding the title Gods Wife, a position of great political significance second only to the pharaoh, for whom they sometimes stood in.   Female priestesses also played a significant role in the religious life of ancient Egypt, participating alongside men in rituals, earning a living as professional mourners and sometimes acting as funerary priests. As warriors, intellectuals, priestesses, political figures and even rulers, the women of ancient Egypt enjoyed a large degree of suffrage.   Many had the opportunity to advance themselves to an extent that was not achieved again until the twentieth century and a financial equality that many women still fight for to this day. Women in Egypt now a day: Rural and lower-class Egyptians generally believed that women were related to men. Women were expected to be under control of male relatives, to avoid contact with men who were not from the family, and to veil themselves in public. As children women learned to accept dependency on their fathers and older brothers. After marriage women expected their husbands to make all decisions. Early married life could be a time of extreme subordination and insecurity. The new wife usually lived with or near her husbands family and was expected to help her mother-in-law in the house. A young wife was under pressure from her husband and his family until she gets pregnant. Barrenness was a womans worst possible misfortune, and not giving birth to a son was almost as bad. Women who had only daughters were called mothers of brides. Most families continued having children until they had at least one son. As the womans gets married, and her sons matured, her position in the family grew more secure. The sexual behavior and reputation of the women of a line age were the most important components of a familys honor. A bad reputation for one woman meant a bad reputation for the whole line age. Honor was essential to social life; without it even a minimal social standing in the community was impossible. Men were especially interested in maintaining honor. Women were always on their best behavior around men from other families because they were afraid of getting a bad reputation. A bad reputation could disgrace the men of her family. A disgraced husband could restore his status, however, through divorce. Most disgraced fathers and brothers in rural and lower-class urban families, however, believed that honor could only be restored by killing the daughter or sister suspected of sexual misconduct. Family members who murdered the women were prepared to accept legal penalties for their actions. Women have traditionally been preoccupied with household tasks and child rearing and have rarely had opportunities for contact with men outside the family. But since the 1952 Revolution, social changes, especially in education, have caused many women to spend time in public places among men who were not related to them. To limit womens contact with these men, practices such as veiling and gender segregation at schools, work, and recreation have become commonplace. Furthermore, lower-class families, especially in Upper Egypt, have tended to withdraw girls from school as they reached puberty to minimize their interaction with men. Lower-class men frequently preferred marriage to women who had been secluded rather than to those who had worked or attended secondary school. Egypts laws pertaining to marriage and divorce favored the social position of men. Muslim husbands were traditionally allowed to have up to four wives at a time in accordance with Islamic religious custom, but a woman could have only one husband at a time. A Muslim man could divorce his wife with ease by saying I divorce thee on three separate occasions in the presence of witnesses. A woman wishing to dissolve a marriage had to instigate legal proceedings and prove to a court that her husband had failed to support her or that his behavior was having a harmful moral effect on the family. The laws required men to support their ex-wives for only one year after a divorce, and the fathers gained custody of the children. A man faced few or no penalties if he refused to provide equal support to his wives or if he refused to pay alimony to his divorced wife. Divorce was much more difficult for Copts than it was for Muslims. Common law regulated the marriages and divorces of Copts. A new law reversed many of the rights accorded to women in 1979. A woman lost her automatic right to divorce her husband if he married a second wife. She could still petition a court to consider her case, but a judge would grant a divorce only if it were in the interests of the family. If a divorce were granted, the judge would also determine what an appropriate residence was for the divorced woman and her children. Since the early 1970s, womens status has been changing, mostly because an increasing number of women have joined the nonagricultural workforce. According to government estimates, the number of working women doubled from 500,000 to 1 million between 1978 and 1980. By 1982 women accounted for 14 percent of all wage-earning and salaried employees throughout the country. Although substantial numbers of women were in the professions, particularly education, engineering, and medicine, most women held low-paying jobs in factories, offices, and service industries. Half of all employed women held jobs such as street cleaners, janitors, hotel and domestic servants, and hospital aides. In 1990 women accounted for more than 12 percent of all industrial workers; most female factory workers were in textiles, food processing, and pharmaceuticals. Strategy and Proposal 1-Reasons for choosing the topic: My main reason for choosing this topic to be my documentary because a lot of people didnt know what is the women right and how the women in the ancient Egyptians having a very high position were and was much honored at that time. Today a lot of men are knowing that women having all their rights and even more than they deserve. In addition, this documentary will be exposing the different between the women in ancient Egyptian which she was having all her rights and even more, and the women now a day in Egypt which she suffering and fight to get her minimum rights in living a good life. Women were having their rights in the old ancient Egyptian era from 7000 years ago but now in the post modernity era the women still fighting and suffering to get their right. If we compare us to other Arab countries, we are behind. Other countries are going forward like in Yemen has judges, Sudan has judges; the general prosecutor in Syria is a woman. For that reason its important to discuss this topic to let all people from men women and teenagers know the rights for women and what could she do to asking for her rights. 2-Message of the documentary: The main message from this documentary is to raise awareness of men about the women right to know how to treat them and may be trying to help women to get their rights. Also, to raise awareness of women and girls because they should know their rights which Qassem Amen and Huda Saharawi fight to gutted for them. Also, to know that women rights were settled from the great ancient Egyptian era not only when Qassem Amen wrote about it, in ancient Egyptian era women were having their all rights so all women and girls should take them their leaders and do like them or try to be like them and get their rights. 3-Target audience: The main target audience related to this documentary is women , ages from 25 to 45who suffering from being treated badly or didnt get their rights that they deserves. The young girls, ages from 18 to 24, who are not knowing their history or their rights and they going to graduated and starting their carrier life. They should decide what they want to be like their great ancient Egyptian women or give up and dont get their rights. Also, men, ages from 25 to 45, they should know what women right is and to know how to treat women. 4-Expected interviews: Random peoples opinion about women rights to know what they know about it. People who are working in women rights to help us to know more about what women right is. Egyptian writer wrote about women right in ancient Egyptian era to elaborate how they got their rights. Interview with Mona Helmy an Egyptian journalist who wrote a lot of articles about women write now a day. 5-shooting places: Shots for women infront of courts trying to get their rights. Shots for Doctor Mona Helmy in her office. Shots for seminars about women rights. Shots for people in the streets. 6-Sequence of the documentary: The documentary will start by showing some footages for ancient Egyptian women queens and gods Then some other footage for women in Egypt suffering infront of courts trying to get their rights. Then an Egyptology will talk about how the women in ancient Egyptian getting their rights Then the documentary will then proceed giving peoples opinion about women rights now a day. Then the Egyptian Dr Mona Helmy will discuss the women rights now a day. Finally, will telling the people how to try learning from our Egyptian civilization and let the women get their minimum rights. 7-Visual list: The documentary will include some footages of 8-Question of the documentary: Random people in the street: What did you know about women rights? Do you know any thing about women rights in ancient Egyptian era? Did you think women take all her rights? Do you think women could be a judge or not and why? Random women infront of court: What is your case? Did the low help you in getting your right quickly? Did you think you have all your rights? Dr.Mona Helmy: What is your opinion about women today in Egypt? Did she get all her wrights? Did your article about women rights do something for women? In your opinion, what should the Egyptian women do to get all her rights? 9-Script of the documentary: video audio Situation Analysis 1-Background of the topic: Women in ancient Egyptian: An exception to most other ancient societies, Egyptian women achieved parity with Egyptian men. They enjoyed the same legal and economic rights, at least in theory, and this concept can be found in Egyptian art and contemporary manuscripts. The disparities between peoples legal rights were based on differences in social class and not on gender. Legal and economic rights were afforded to both men and women. Egyptian womens rights extended to all legally defined areas of Egyptian civilization. Women could manage, own, and sell private property, which included slaves, land, portable goods, servants, livestock, and money. Women could resolve legal settlements. Women could conclude any kind of legal settlement. Women could appear as a contracting partner in a marriage contract or a divorce contract; they could execute testaments; they could free slaves; women could make adoptions. Women were entitled to sue at law. This amount of freedom was at variance with that of the Greek women who required a designated male, called a kourios, to represent or stand for her in all legal contracts and proceedings. This male was her husband, father or brother. An Egyptian woman could acquire possessions in many ways. She could receive it as gifts or as an inheritance from her parents or husband. Or she could receive it from purchases with goods which she earned either through employment, or which she borrowed. A woman had claims to up to one-third of all the community property in her marriage. Womens legal rights: The Egyptian womans rights extended to all the legally defined areas of society. From the bulk of the legal documents, we know that women could manage and dispose of private property, including: land, portable goods, servants, slaves, livestock, and money (when it existed), as well as financial instruments (i.e., endowments and annuities). A woman could administer all her property independently and according to her free will. She could conclude any kind of legal settlement. She could appear as a contracting partner in a marriage contract or a divorce contract; she could execute testaments; she could free slaves; she could make adoptions. She was entitled to sue at law. It is highly significant that a woman in Egypt could do all of the above and initiate litigation in court freely without the need of a male representative. This amount of freedom was at variance with that of the Greek woman who required a designated male, called a kourios, to represent or stand for her in all legal con tracts and proceedings. This male was her husband, father or brother. Womens property rights: There were several ways for an Egyptian woman to acquire possessions and real property. Most frequently, she received it as gifts or as an inheritance from her parents or husband, or else, she received it through purchaseswith goods which she earned either through employment, or which she borrowed. Under Egyptian property law, a woman had claim to one-third of all the community property in her marriage, i.e. the property which accrued to her husband and her only after they were married. When a woman brought her own private property to a marriage (e.g., as a dowry), this apparently remained hers, although the husband often had the free use of it. However, in the event of divorce her property had to be returned to her, in addition to any divorce settlement that might be stipulated in the original marriage contract. A wife was entitled to inherit one-third of that community property on the death of her husband, while the other two-thirds was divided among the children, followed up by the brothers and sisters of the deceased. To circumvent this possibility and to enable life to receive either a larger part of the share, or to allow her to dispose of all the property, a husband could do several things: 1) In the Middle Kingdom, he could draw up an imyt-pr, a house document, which was a legal unilateral deed for donating property. As a living will, it was made and perhaps executed while the husband was still alive. In this will, the husband would assign to his wife what he wished of his own private property, i.e., what he acquired before his marriage. An example of this is the imyt-pr of Wah from el-Lahun. 2) If there were no children, and the husband did not wish his brothers and sisters to receive two-thirds of the community property, he could legally adopt his wife as his child and heir and bequeath all the property to her. Even if he had other children, he could still adopt his wife, so that, as his one of his legal offspring, she would receive some of the two-thirds share, in addition to her normal one-third share of the community property. A woman was free to bequeath property from her husband to her children or even to her own brothers and sisters (unless there was some stipulation against such in her husbands will). One papyrus tells us how a childless woman, who after she inherited her husbands estate, raised the three illegitimate children who were born to him and their female household slave (such liaisons were fairly common in the Egyptian household and seem to have borne no social stigma). She then married the eldest illegitimate step-daughter to her younger brother, whom she adopted as her son, that they might receive the entire inheritance. A woman could also freely disinherit children of her private property, i.e., the property she brought to her marriage or her share of the community property. She could selectively bequeath that property to certain children and not to others. Such action is recorded in the Will of Naunakht. Women in contracts: Women in Egypt were consistently concluding contracts, including: marriage and divorce settlements, engagements of wet-nurses, purchases of property, even arrangements for self-enslavement. Self-enslavement in Egypt was actually a form of indentured servitude. Although self-enslavement appears to have been illegal in Egypt, it was practiced by both men and women. To get around the illegality, the servitude was stipulated only for a limited number of years, although it was usually said to be 99 years. Under self-enslavement, women often technically received a salary for their labor. Two reasons for which a woman might be forced into such an arrangement are: (1) as payment to a creditor to satisfy bad debts; (2) to be assured of ones provisions and financial security, for which a person might even pay a monthly fee, as though they were receiving a service. However, this fee would equal the salary that the provider had to pay for her labor; thus, no money would be exchanged. Since this service was a legal institution, then a contract was drawn up stipulating the conditions and the responsibilities of the involved parties. In executing such an arrangement, a woman could also include her children and grandchildren, alive or unborn. One such contract of a woman who bound herself to the temple of Saknebtynis states: The female servant (so so) has said before my master, Saknebtynis, the great god, I am your servant, together with my children and my childrens children. I shall not be free in your precinct forever and ever. You will protect me; you will keep me safe; you will guard me. You will keep me sound; you will protect me from every demon, and I will pay you 1-1/4 kita of copper . . . until the completion of 99 years, and I will give it to your priests monthly. If such women married male slaves, the status of their children depended on the provisions of their contracts with their owners. Women before the bar: Egyptian women had the right to bring lawsuits against anyone in open court, and there was no gender-based bias against them, and we have many cases of women winning their claims. A good example of this fact is found in the Inscription of Mes. This inscription is the actual court record of a long and drawn- out private land dispute which occurred in the New Kingdom. Significantly, the inscription shows usfour things: (1) women could manage property, and they could inherit trusteeship of property; (2) women could institute litigation (and appeal to the court of the vizier); (3) women were awarded legal decisions (and had decisions reversed on appeal); (4) women acted as witnesses before a court of law. However, based upon the Hermopolis Law Code of the third century B.C., the freedom of women to share easily with their male relatives in the inheritance of landed property was perhaps restricted somewhat. According to the provisions of theHermopolis Law Code, where an executor existed, the estate of the deceased was divided up into a number of parcels equal to the number of children of the deceased, both alive and dead. Thereafter, each male child (or that childs heirs), in order of birth, took his pick of the parcels. Only when the males were finished choosing, were the female children permitted to choose their parcels (in chronological order). The male executor was permitted to claim for himself parcels of any children and heirs who predeceased the father without issue. Female executors were designated when there were no sons to function as such. However, the code is specific thatunlike male executorsthey could not claim the parcels of any dead children. Still, it is not appropriate to compare the provisions of the Hermopolis Law Code to the Inscription of Mes, since the latter pertains to the inheritance of an office, i.e., a trusteeship of land, and not to the land itself. Indeed, the system of dividing the estate described in the l aw codeor something similar to it- -might have existed at least as early as the New Kingdom, since the Instructions of Any contains the passage, Do not say, My grandfather has a house. An enduring house, it is called (i.e., dont brag of any future inheritance), for when you take your share with your brothers, your portion may only be a storehouse. Female literacy: It is uncertain, generally, how literate the Egyptian woman was in any period. Baines and Eyre suggest very low figures for the percentage of the literate in the Egypt population, i.e., only about 1% in the Old Kingdom (i.e., 1 in 20 or 30 males). Other Egyptologists would dispute these estimates, seeing instead an amount at about 5-10% of the population. In any event, it is certain that the rate of literacy of Egyptian women was well behind that of men from the Old Kingdom through the Late Period. Lower class women, certainly were illiterate; middle class women and the wives of professional men, perhaps less so. The upper class probably had a higher rate of literate women. In the Old and Middle Kingdoms, middle and upper class women are occasionally found in the textual and archaeological record with administrative titles that are indicative of a literate ability. In the New Kingdom the frequency at which these titles occur declines significantly, suggesting an erosion in the rate of female literacy at that time (let alone the freedom to engage in an occupation). However, in a small number of tomb representations of the New Kingdom, certain noblewomen are associated with scribal palettes, suggesting a literate ability. Women are also recorded as the senders and recipients of a small number of letters in Egypt (5 out of 353). However, in these cases we cannot be certain that they personally penned or read these letters, rather than employed the services of professional scribes. Many royal princesses at court had private tutors, and most likely, these tutors taught them to read and write. Royal women of the Eighteenth Dynasty probably were regularly trained, since many were functioning leaders. Since royal princesses would have been educated, it then seems likely that the daughters of the royal courtiers were similarly educated. In the inscriptions, we occasionally do find titles of female scribes among the middle class from the Middle Kingdom on, especially after the Twenty- sixth Dynasty, when the rate of literacy increased throughout the country. The only example of a female physician in Egypt occurs in the Old Kingdom. Scribal instruction was a necessary first step toward medical training. Women in public: The Egyptian woman in general was free to go about in public; she worked out in the fields and in estate workshops. Certainly, she did not wear a veil, which is first documented among the ancient Assyrians (perhaps reflecting a tradition of the ancient semitic- speaking people of the Syrian and Arabian Deserts). However, it was perhaps unsafe for an Egyptian woman to venture far from her town alone. Ramesses III boasts in one inscription, I enabled the woman of Egypt to go her own way, her journeys being extended where she wanted, without any person assaulting her on the road. A different view of the traveling women is found in the Instructions of Any, Be on your guard against a woman from abroad, who is not known in town, do not have sex with her. So by custom, there might have been a reputation of impiousness or looseness associated with a woman traveling alone in Egypt. Despite the legal freedom of women to travel about, folk custom or tradition may have discouraged that. So, e.g., earlier in the Old Kingdom, Ptahhotep would write, If you desire to make a friendship last in a house to which you have access to its master as a brother or friend in any place where you might enter, beware of approaching the women. It does not go well with a place where that is done. However, the theme of this passage might actually refer to violating personal trust and not the accessibility of women, per se. However, mores and values apparently changed by the New Kingdom. The love poetry of that era, as well as certain letters, are quite frank about the public accessibility and freedom of women. Womens occupations : In general, the work of the upper and middle class woman was limited to the home and the family. This was not due to an inferior legal status, but was probably a consequence of her customary role as mother and bearer of children, as well as the public role of the Egyptian husbands and sons who functioned as the executors of the mortuary cults of their deceased parents. It was the traditional role of the good son to bury his parents, support their funerary cult, to bring offerings regularly to the tombs, and to recite the offering formula. Because women are not regularly depicted doing this in Egyptian art, they probably did not often assume this role. When a man died without a surviving son to preserve his name and present offerings, then it was his brother who was often depicted in the art doing so. Perhaps because it was the males who were regularly entrusted with this important religious task, that they held the primary position in public life. As far as occupations go, in the textual sources upper class woman are occasionally described as holding an office, and thus they might have executed real jobs. Clearly, though, this phenomenon was more prevalent in the Old Kingdom than in later periods (perhaps due to the lower population at that time). In Wentes publication of Egyptian letters, he notes that of 353 letters known from Egypt, only 13 provide evidence of women functioning with varying degrees of administrative authority. On of the most exalted administrative titles of any woman who was not a queen was held by a non-royal women named Nebet during the Sixth Dynasty, who was entitled, Vizier, Judge and Magistrate. She was the wife of the nomarch of Coptos and grandmother of King Pepi I. However, it is possible that the title was merely honorific and granted to her posthumously. Through the length of Egyptian history, we see many titles of women which seem to reflect real administrative authority, including one woman entitled, Second Prophet (i.e. High Priest) of Amun at the temple of Karnak, which was, otherwise, a male office. Women could and did hold male administrative positions in Egypt. However, such cases are few, and thus appear to be the exceptions to tradition. Given the relative scarcity of such, they might reflect extraordinary individuals in unusual circumstances. Women functioned as leaders, e.g., kings, dowager queens and regents, even as usurpers of rightful heirs, who were either their step-sons or nephews. We find women as nobility and landed gentry managing both large and small estates, e.g., the lady Tchat who started as overseer of a nomarchs household with a son of middling status; married the nomarch; was elevated, and her son was also raised in status. Women functioned as middle class housekeepers, servants, fieldhands, and all manner of skilled workers inside the household and in estate-workshops. Women could also be national heroines in Egypt. Extraordinary cases include: Queen Ahhotep of the early Eighteenth Dynasty. She was renowned for saving Egypt during the wars of liberation against the Hyksos, and she was praised for rallying the Egyptian tro

Early American Literature :: essays research papers

Early American literature consisted mainly of diaries, journals, short stories, and Indian creation stories. Since some of the language used was of older English and other languages, early American literature was difficult to read.The first story I read was Spanish Explorers in the New World. This story was a journal of Cabeza de Vaca’s travels and discoveries in the New World. After having a shipwreck, he and his fellow sailors were made slaves of the Indians. They walked barefoot, bleeding and ate raw meat for food. He also described how one tribe took over land. De Vaca gave detailed accounts on how the Indians lived which I found interesting. The males lived in the estufas, while women lived in the house. For a proposal, the male would weave a blanket and place it before the female. Spanish Explorers In The New World was interesting because of the detail with the Indians as opposed to other stories which involve no action.The second piece of early American literature I read was The General History. The Jamestown colony as plagued from the beginning by unfortunate circumstances. While out exploring, John Smith was captured by the Indians. After being brought to many chiefs, John Smith was brought to the emperor of the Pamaunkee. The emperor had planned to kill John Smith at first by placing his head against a rock and bashing it in. Then Pocahontas, the emperor’s daughter, threw her head in the way and prevented his death. The emperor then decided to let Smith live and to have him as a slave. This story also had more action than some other which I read which does make it interesting, but every once in a while it is difficult to understand due to the Old English. This story was insightful into the lives of one tribe of Indians near Jamestown.The third passage I read was an excerpt from The Bay Psalm Book. In this the Puritans had re-edited the Bible and tried to simplify its words. Their version was modified to rhyme and to have what the Puritans referred to as "plainness.

IT Agreements

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